customs, he was compelled to wait several hours, as the bride
refused to get up and dress until long after the time appointed
for the wedding ceremony, and then only by force. "Extreme
reluctance and dislike and fear are the true marks of a happy and
lively wedding." (A.E. Moule, _New China and Old_, p. 128.)

It is interesting to find that in the Indian art of love a kind
of mock-combat, accompanied by striking, is a recognized and
normal method of heightening tumescence. Vatsyayana has a
chapter "On Various Manners of Striking," and he approves of the
man striking the woman on the back, belly, flanks, and buttocks,
before and during coitus, as a kind of play, increasing as sexual
excitement increases, which the woman, with cries and groans,
pretends to bid the man to stop. It is mentioned that, especially
in southern India, various instruments (scissors, needles, etc.)
are used in striking, but this practice is condemned as barbarous
and dangerous. (_Kama Sutra_, French translation, iii, chapter
v.)

In the story of Aladdin, in the _Arabian Nights_, the bride is
undressed by the mother and the other women, who place her in the
bridegroom's bed "as if by force, and, according to the custom of
the newly married, she pretends to resist, twisting herself in
every direction, and seeking to escape from their hands." (_Les
Mille Nuits_, tr. Mardrus, vol. xi, p. 253.)

It is said that in those parts of Germany where preliminary
_Probenaechte_ before formal marriage are the rule it is not
uncommon for a young woman before finally giving herself to a man
to provoke him to a physical struggle. If she proves stronger she
dismisses him; if he is stronger she yields herself willingly.
(W. Henz, "Probenaechte," _Sexual-Probleme_, Oct., 1910, p. 743.)

Among the South Slavs of Servia and Bulgaria, according to
Krauss, it is the custom to win a woman by seizing her by the
ankle and bringing her to the ground by force. This method of
wooing is to the taste of the woman, and they are refractory to
any other method. The custom of beating or being beaten before
coitus is also found among the South Slavs. (Kryptadia, vol. vi,
p. 209.)

In earlier days violent courtship was viewed with approval in the
European world, even among aristocratic circles. Thus in the
medieval _Lai de Gr