rtions of the 119th.

At _Vespers_, Pss. cx.-cxlvii., divided into seven portions, omitting
the 119th.

At _Compline_, iv., xxxi. 1-6, xci., cxxxiv.

{104}

Thus the bulk of the Psalms were said at the two offices which
corresponded most closely to our Morning and Evening Prayer; some few
were said daily, the 51st was said at every one of the offices, and the
others were said weekly.

But in practice a festival arrangement of the Psalms, in which a much
smaller number, and chiefly of the shorter Psalms, were recited, was
largely substituted for the normal or ferial use, thus justifying the
criticism of our Reformers, "Now of late time a few of them have been
daily said and the rest utterly omitted."

The following special uses are also interesting:

THE OFFICE OF THE DEAD:

_Vespers_ (the "Placebo"): cxvi., cxx., cxxi., cxxx., cxxxviii.

_Mattins_ (the "Dirge"): v., vi., vii.; xxiii., xxv., xxvii., xl.,
xli., xlii.

_Lauds_: li., lxv., lxiii., cxlviii.-cl., cxlv.

PREPARATION FOR MASS: lxxxiv., lxxxv., lxxxvi., cxvi. 10., cxxx., xliii.

THANKSGIVING AFTER MASS: cl.

C. Antiphons were originally verses sung as a refrain between each
verse of the Psalms, one side of the choir taking the former and the
other the latter. The refrain varied at different seasons and
festivals. An example of this early and more elaborate use survived in
the Breviary in the treatment of the Venite as an Invitatory Psalm.
But gradually, for the sake of brevity, this method {105} was
abandoned, and the normal use of antiphons in the Breviary was simply
after (or on festivals before and after) each Psalm or set of Psalms.
The advantage of the antiphon lay in the fact that it shewed at once
with what particular intention the Psalm was sung, as the same Psalm
naturally might be sung on many different occasions and with reference
to a different season or festival. But the very complex nature of the
antiphons or "anthems" led the English Reformers to abandon them
altogether; "many times," as they said, "there was more business to
find out what should be read, than to read it when it was found out."
The only traces of antiphons left in the Prayer Book are: (1) "O
Sapientia," in the Kalendar on December 16, the first words of the
first of the "Greater Antiphons" to the Magnificat, which began on that
day and continued till Christmas Eve, each commencing with some
striking Old Testament title of the Messiah; (2) in the Litany, the