bstance abuse, gambling, and compulsive spending.

2. ANGER -- anger is often an immature reaction to frustration or
stress, and is not considered a part of higher neo-cortex thinking; it
is rather a reptilian reaction in MacLean's Triune Brain scheme.

Anger is also a step in the Grief Process described by Elisabeth
Kubler-Ross that progresses through denial, anger, bargaining,
depression, and finally acceptance.

3. REGRESSION -- a return to the "Good Ole" Days. This problem evasion
mechanism is farther from the problem solving pathway than anger. It
involves the return to behavior of an earlier age.

4. DISTORTION -- these problem evasion mechanisms pass even farther
from problem solving toward problem evasion.

i. PROJECTION -- attributing unacceptable thoughts and feelings to
someone else: "They don't like me."

ii. REACTION FORMATION -- forming good feelings for a tyrant to
minimize bullying: the terrorized victim reaction.

iii. INTELLECTUALIZATION -- continuing research to find fool-proof
solutions, rather than taking a chance at failure.

iv. DISPLACEMENT -- prejudice, racism. Sarcasm and cynicism are
frequently used in expressions of superiority over others.

5. REPRESSION -- This is the final evasion of problem solving and the
most severe. It is a denial mechanism that involves blocking from
consciousness that the problem ever existed.

Problem Solving Evasions.

1. ANGER.
i. Tears.
ii. Rage.
2. REGRESSION -- "If things were only just like the Good Ole Days."
3. DISTORTION.
i. PROJECTION -- Attributing one's own feelings to someone
else: "He hates me."
ii. REACTION FORMATION -- Adopting favorable emotions toward an
abusive-domineering bully. "If I love the terrorist, maybe
he won't hurt me."
iii. INTELLECTUALIZATION -- "I'll wait until it is totally safe
before I do anything. I'll continue to research the problem."
iv. DISPLACEMENT -- racial prejudice, cynicism, sarcasm.
4. REPRESSION -- "This is now not important enough to spend time on.
I can't even remember why it was once important."

* * * * *

Interpersonal Problem Solving.

1. Aristotle. _Rhetoric and the Poetics_. F. Solmsen, ed. New York:
The Modern Library, 1954.

2. Magid, Ken and Carole A. McKelvey. _High Risk: Children without a
Conscience_. New York: Bantam B