omen who die in childbirth. They bury their dead in coffins in
a sitting position, in clefts or caves, and often dry the corpse
over a fire. Ancestor-worship is prevalent. They are an agricultural
people, but do not breed cattle. They have worked the copper mines of
their districts and extracted gold from the earliest times. As yet,
however, exact and scientific knowledge regarding them is slight, as
is true of many other Filipino tribes, owing to the confused state
of Philippine ethnology. See Smithsonian _Report_, 1899, p. 538,
"List of native tribes of Philippines" by Ferdinand Blumentritt
(translated by Dr. O.T. Malon); Blumentritt's "Ueber den Namen der
Igorroten" in _Ausland_, no. 1, p. 17 (Stuttgart, 1882); Sawyer's
_Inhabitants of the Philippines_ (New York, 1900); pp. 254-267;
and Foreman's _Philippine Islands_ (London, 1890), pp. 212-215.

[55] The city of Potosi in Bolivia is situated on the slope of the
Cerro Gordo de Potosi, a mountain 16,152 feet high, which contains
silver mines of a richness that has become proverbial; they were
discovered in 1545, by an Indian. It is estimated that the silver
obtained from this mountain, up to the middle of the nineteenth
century, amounted to $1,600,000,000. Humboldt gives the figures for
its yield, from 1566 to 1789, amounting to 60,864,359 pounds troy; see
his _New Spain_ (Black's trans., London, 1811), iii, pp. 171, 172. He
also endeavors to estimate (pp. 353-379) the value of the total yield
from its discovery to 1789, which he places at 5,750,000,000 of livres
tournois (L234,693,840 sterling). The mines now are almost abandoned,
and the annual yield is about $800,000.

[56] Referring to the allotment of space for freight in the regular
trading fleet sent yearly to Mexico. As has been shown in preceding
documents, this privilege, as the source of much profit, was restricted
by the government to the citizens of the islands, among certain of
whom the space was duly allotted by toneladas, each shipping goods
to that extent--although many frauds were practiced, often by royal
officials themselves. The stipulation in our text secured, to persons
having the right to a share in this trade, the exercise of that right
while absent on the Tuy expedition, the same as if they were present
in Manila when the ships were laden. The _pieza_ mentioned in this
paragraph was the bale used as the unit of capacity in lading the
vessel (see Bourne's introduction to this series, _Vol_. I