plied in Pancak[=a]ta, he
says are day, night, month, seasons, and year (_ib_. 66). In
340. 117 (which chapter is Pancar[=a]tric), Brahm[=a] "knows
that Vishnu is superior."]

[Footnote 38: V[=a]j. S. xvi. 1-66; T[=a]itt. S. iv. 5.
1-11.]

[Footnote 39: Civa has no ordinary sacrifice: he is (as
above) in general a destroyer of sacrifice, _i.e_., of Vedic
sacrifice; but as Pacupati, "Lord of beasts," he claims the
bloody sacrifice of the first beast, man.]

[Footnote 40: The usual opinion is that phallic worship was
a trait of southern tribes foisted upon northern Civaism.
Philosophically Civaism is first monotheistic and then
pantheistic, To-day it is nominally pantheistic but really
it is dualistic.]

[Footnote 41: There are indications in this passage of some
sectarian feeling, and the fear of partisan warfare (229);
in regard to which we add from Muir and Holtzmann the
passage XII. 343. 121, where is symbolized a peaceful issue
of war between Vishnuism and Civaism.]

[Footnote 42: Grahas are also planets, but in this cult they
are not astrological, as show their names.]

[Footnote 43: They are possibly old, as Weber thinks, but
they seem to have nothing in common with the ancient female
divinities.]

[Footnote 44: Compare another hymn to Durg[=a] in IV. 6. 5
ff. (late). Durgi was probably an independent local deity,
subsequently regarded as Civa's female side. She plays a
great role, under various names, in the 'revived'
literature, as do the love-god and Ganeca. In both hymns she
is 'Vishnu's sister,' and in IV. 6 a 'pure virgin.']

[Footnote 45: One comparatively new god deserves a passing
mention, Dharma's son, K[=a]ma, the (Grecian?) love-god,
'the mind-shaker,' 'the limbless one,' whose arrows are like
those of Cupid (I. 66. 32; 171. 34; III. 46. 2). He is an
adventitious addition to the epic. His later name of Ananga
occurs in XII. 59. 91. In I. 71. 41 and 171. 40 he is
Manmatha. The Atharvan god also has darts, III. 25, a mark
of this latest Veda.]

[Footnote 46: Compare ii. 22. 18: "Great holiness, great
glory, penance, death in battle, these are each respectively
productive of heaven; the last alone is a sure cause."]

[Footnote 47: This description and the sentiments are quite
lat