ay see by
looking at him, is of the north; a Provencal is of the south, of all
that there is most southern. You have in France Latin, Celtic, German,
compounded in an infinite number of proportions: one as she is in
feeling, she is various not only in the past history of her various
provinces, but in their present temperaments. Like the Irish element
and the Scotch element in the English House of Commons, the variety of
French races contributes to the play of the polity; it gives a chance
for fitting new things which otherwise there would not be. And early
races must have wanted mixing more than modern races. It is said, in
answer to the Jewish boast that 'their race still prospers, though it
is scattered and breeds in-and-in,' 'You prosper BECAUSE you are so
scattered; by acclimatisation in various regions your nation has
acquired singular elements of variety; it contains within itself the
principle of variability which other nations must seek by
intermarriage.' In the beginning of things there was certainly no
cosmopolitan race like the Jews; each race was a sort of 'parish race,'
narrow in thought and bounded in range, and it wanted mixing
accordingly.

But the mixture of races has a singular danger as well as a singular
advantage in the early world. We know now the Anglo-Indian suspicion or
contempt for 'half-castes.' The union of the Englishman and the Hindoo
produces something not only between races, but BETWEEN MORALITIES. They
have no inherited creed or plain place in the world; they have none of
the fixed traditional sentiments which are the stays of human nature.
In the early world many mixtures must have wrought many ruins; they
must have destroyed what they could not replace--an inbred principle of
discipline and of order. But if these unions of races did not work
thus; if, for example, the two races were so near akin that their
morals united as well as their breeds, if one race by its great numbers
and prepotent organisation so presided over the other as to take it up
and assimilate it, and leave no separate remains of it, THEN the
admixture was invaluable. It added to the probability of variability,
and therefore of improvement; and if that improvement even in part took
the military line, it might give the mixed and ameliorated state a
steady advantage in the battle of nations, and a greater chance of
lasting in the world.

Another mode in which one state acquires a superiority over competing
states is