pappus. Alpine; identical with
Australian species, and therefore of comparatively recent introduction.

6. Celmisia (25 sp.). Seeds with pappus. Only three Australian species,
two of which are identical with New Zealand forms, probably therefore
derived from New Zealand.

7. Ozothamnus (5 sp.). Seeds with pappus.

8. Epacris (4 sp.). Minute seeds. Some species are sub-tropical, and
they are all found in the northern (warmer) island of New Zealand.

9. Archeria (2 sp.). Minute seeds. A species common to E. Australia and
New Zealand.

10. Logania (3 sp.). Small seeds. Alpine plants.

11. Hedycarya (1 sp.).

12. Chiloglottis (1 sp.). Minute seeds. In Auckland Islands; alpine in
Australia.

13. Prasophyllum (1 sp.). Minute seeds. Identical with Australian
species, indicating recent transmission.

14. Orthoceras (1 sp.). Minute seeds. Identical with an Australian
species.

15. Alepyrum (1 sp.). Alpine, moss-like. An Antarctic type.

16. Dichelachne (3 sp.). Identical with Australian species. An awned
grass.

We thus see that there are special features in most of these plants that
would facilitate transmission across the sea between temperate Australia
and New Zealand, or to both from some Antarctic island; and the fact that
in several of them the species are absolutely identical shows that such
transmission has occurred in geologically recent times.

_Species Common to New Zealand and Australia Mostly Temperate Forms._--Let
us now take the _species_ which are common to New Zealand and Australia,
but found nowhere else, and which must therefore have passed from one
country to the other at a more recent period than the mass of _genera_ with
which we have hitherto been dealing. These are ninety-six in number, and
they present a striking contrast to the similarly restricted _genera_ in
being wholly temperate in character, the entire list presenting only a
{503} single species which is confined to sub-tropical East Australia--a
grass (_Apera arundinacea_) only found in a few localities on the New
Zealand coast.

Now it is clear that the larger portion, if not the whole, of these plants
must have reached New Zealand from Australia (or in a few cases Australia
from New Zealand), by transmission across the sea, because we know there
has been no actual land connection during the Tertiary period, as proved by
the absence of all the Austra