ature of the electrolyte in any one
cell exceeds 105 deg. F., the current must be reduced until the
temperature is below 90 deg. F. This will necessitate a longer time to
complete the charge, but must be strictly adhered to.

Under normal conditions it will require approximately 80 hours to
complete the initial charge. The final gravity of the types SMW and
SEW will be approximately 1.285. If the gravity is above this value,
remove a little electrolyte and add same amount of distilled water
while the battery is left charging (in order to thoroughly mix the
solution), and after three hours, if the electrolyte is within the
limits, the cell is ready for service. If the specific gravity is
below these values, remove a little electrolyte and add same amount of
1.400 specific gravity electrolyte. Leave on charge as before. The
acid should be poured into the water and allowed to cool below 90 deg. P.
before being used. The batteries are then ready for service.

Installing Counter Electromotive Force Cells

Counter EMF cells, if used with a battery, are installed in the same
manner as regular cells. They are connected positive to negative, the
same as regular cells, but the negative terminal of the CEMF group is
to be connected to the negative terminal of the regular cell group.
The positive terminal of the counter CEMF group is then to be
connected to the switchboard.

[Image: Table of charge and discharge rates for different types
of batteries, Willard farm lighting batteries]

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Definitions and Descriptions of
Terms and Parts
-------------------------------

Acid. As used in this book refers to sulphuric acid (H2SO4), the
active component of the electrolyte, or a mixture of sulphuric acid
and water.

Active Material. The active portion of the battery plates; peroxide of
lead on the positives and spongy metallic lead on the negatives.

Alloy. As used in battery practice, a homogeneous combination of lead
and antimony.

Alternating Current. Electric current which does not flow in one
direction only, like direct current, but rapidly reverses its
direction or "alternates" in polarity so that it will not charge a
battery.

Ampere. The unit of measure of the rate of flow of electric current.

Ampere Hour. The product resulting from multiplication of amperes
flowing by time of flow in hours, e.g., a battery supplying 10 amperes
for