most entirely fruitless for the discovery of psychic functions, but
in the hands of Prof. Ferrier and the continental vivisectors it has
thrown much light upon cerebral psychology, and as I shall hereafter
show, has confirmed my own discoveries.

Pathological Anatomy, too, has been extremely unprofitable. "The
results of Pathological Anatomy (says Muller) can, however, never have
more than a limited application to the physiology of the brain. We are
unacquainted with the laws according to which the different parts of
the organ participate in the functions of each other, and we can only,
in a general way, regard as certain that organic diseases in one part
of the brain may induce changes in the function of other parts; but
from these facts and the results of Pathological Anatomy, we cannot
always draw certain conclusions." Mr. Solly, after commenting on the
general failure of Vivisection, remarks, "From pathology we might
naturally expect surer evidence; but even here the physiologist who
carefully examines its records is doomed to disappointment. As will be
proved hereafter, no certain light has yet shone on physiology from
this source." Cerebral pathology will not continue to be so barren a
study when we have a true cerebral physiology to guide us. I find all
pathological cases instructive as confirmations and illustrations of
true cerebral science.

The method of Dr. Gall--studying the growth and development of the
different parts of the brain, as indicated by the cranium--is the most
simple, rational and successful of all the methods adopted up to the
present time. In his hands it has elicited a valuable and practical,
though rude, system of phrenology. But Craniology or skull-study
cannot perfect, nor can it positively demonstrate, the science.

The observations of the craniologist are continually liable to error.
The irregular thickness of the skull constitutes a great difficulty in
the way of exact observations. By great expertness and accuracy of
observation, he may overcome this difficulty in a great degree, but
whenever the brain is subject to any remarkable influence, increasing
or diminishing the activity and size of particular organs, the
external form fails to indicate the internal condition, because it can
change but slightly, and with slowness, after the skull is fully
developed and ossified. Were the skull composed of more pliable
materials, cranioscopy would be more accurate in its facts, but while
i