; small amount of core exposed. 2.
Lee-Metford (.303). 3. Lee-Metford, with larger amount of exposed core,
also cupped apex. This is probably the most effective of these forms. 4.
Mannlicher (.315)]

These consisted in soft-nosed bullets of the Mauser and Lee-Metford
patterns, Tweedie and Jeffreys modifications of the Lee-Metford and
Mauser, several soft-nosed bullets of a slightly larger calibre, mostly
old Mauser or Mannlicher types, and a large variety of sporting leaden
bullets of larger calibre and volume. Figs. 37 and 43.

With regard to the various soft-nosed bullets of small calibre, I will
first advert to a feature common to all, which consists in a solid base
to the mantle. In the regulation whole-cased bullets the leaden core is
inserted from the base, and the edge of the mantle is then so turned
over for fixation purposes as to leave the central portion of the lead
exposed. The position of the exposed portion of the core is therefore
reversed in the two varieties. The small experience I had the
opportunity of obtaining was all to the effect that the solid base
considerably increases the stability of the mantle, and I never saw the
latter seriously torn in any specimen either collected on the field or
removed from the body.

[Illustration: FIG. 38.--Two Soft-nosed Lee-Metford Bullets (see text).
1. Removed from forearm. 2. Removed from beneath skin of back after it
had perforated the scapula. In both the velocity retained was no doubt
low, and neither encountered great resistance]

Fig. 38, 1, represents a soft-nosed Lee-Metford removed from just below
the lesser sigmoid cavity of the ulna, after it had perforated the
elbow-joint. The soft nose appears to have been torn, and separated by
impact with the bone, but the mantle is little altered. There can be
little doubt, however, that the bullet was travelling at a comparatively
low rate of velocity, since it was retained in the forearm, whence its
various parts were removed by Major Lougheed, R.A.M.C. I picked up a
number of similarly deformed bullets on the field. No. 2 represents a
soft-nosed Lee-Metford which perforated the scapula from the front; the
bullet was retained, hence again velocity cannot have been very high,
and the comminution was slight. If it had passed out, a large exit wound
would, however, have resulted.

[Illustration: FIG. 39. Soft-nosed Lee-Metford Mantle. Lateral ricochet.
Illustrating effect of solid base in maintaining the stabi