six other pipes of oil; also olives, and capers. One is surprised
at the cheapness of these things in Machan since they are brought
from Espana to Goa, and thence to China, a distance of more than one
thousand leguas. What most surprised me was to see that a cuarto
of wine is worth one real, which is about its worth in Lisboa. A
jar of oil at eight or ten reals, or at the most twelve, is worth at
Machan when it comes from Espana five, six, or eight pesos per botija,
counting eight reals to the peso. A cuartillo of wine at four reals,
is sold at little or nothing. The Portuguese say that they do not
care to make their principal good in China, but to invest in China,
as their interest lies in the investment.

Ivory is sold to the Chinese at fifty taes per pico for the white
and even ivory. It is understood that this must be in exchange for
other merchandise, and not for money or silver; for silver that enters
China does not go out again except in merchandise.

Velvet costs six or seven cruzados per codo in Goa. The codo is a
palmo less than our vara. It is sold among the Portuguese at Machan
for seven or eight taes, according to its quality.

Grana costs five or six cruzados per codo at Goa, and even seven
and eight.

A pipe of wine is generally worth forty or fifty cruzados at Goa,
and the fine and good wines ninety-five. However, the latter is not
taken to China; and that of the first-named price is sold in Machan,
where it is worth eighty or ninety cruzados per pipe.

One million of gold and upward enters China yearly through the
Portuguese alone.

The Portuguese pay anchorage at Machan according to the beam and
length of their ships, and whether they enter light or laden. The
length is measured from the mizzenmast to the bow, and the beam from
edge to edge. According as the ship is larger or smaller it pays. The
[standard of] measure is one _cana_, and so much is paid for each
measure. Consequently, a ship of three hundred toneladas will pay
three or four thousand taes of silver. The Portuguese formerly paid
the said anchorage in brasil-wood and in other merchandise which
they carried; but for two or three years past they have had to pay
it in silver. They do not like that as well as the other method. If,
perchance, the ships have to lay up for the winter, even if they are
the ships of the inhabitants of Machan themselves, they have to pay
without any remission.

_Memorandum of the retail selling prices