earth in summer.

Mr. Frederick Rathbone, compiler of the Wedgwood catalogue in 1909, a
memorial to Josiah Wedgwood made possible by his great-granddaughter,
says that during his thirty-five years' study of Wedgwood's work, he
had yet to learn of a single vase which was ever made by him, or sent
out from his factory at Etruria, which was lacking in grace or beauty.

The Etrurian Museum, Staffordshire, shows Josiah Wedgwood's life work
from the early Whieldon ware to his perfected Jasper paste. Josiah's
"trials" or experiments, are the most interesting specimens in the
museum, and prove that the effort of his life was "converting a rude
and inconsiderable manufactory into an elegant art and an important
part of national commerce." Yet, although he is acknowledged by all
the world to have been the greatest artist in ceramics of his or any
period, remember pottery was only one of his interests. He was by no
means a man who concentrated day and night on one line of production.
He occupied himself with politics, and planned and carried through
great engineering feats and was, also, deeply interested in the
education of his children.

When Wedgwood began his work, all tea and coffee pots were
"salt-glazed," plain, or, if decorated, copies of Oriental patterns,
which were the only available models, imported for the use of the
rich. Wedgwood invented in turn his tortoise shell, agate, mottled
and other coloured wares, and finally his beautiful pale-cream, known
as "Queen's" ware, in honour of Queen Charlotte, his patron. It is the
"C.C." (cream colour) which is so popular to-day, either plain or
decorated. He invented colours, as well as bodies, for the manufacture
of his earthenware, both for use and for decoration, and built up a
business employing 15,000 persons in his factories,--and 30,000 in all
the branches of his business.

In 1896 the census showed 45,914 persons employed in the factories,
and at that time the annual amount paid in wages was over two million
pounds (ten million dollars).

We must remember that in 1760, the only way of transporting goods to
and from the Wedgwood factory was by means of pack-horses. Therefore
Josiah Wedgwood had to turn his attention to the construction of roads
and canals. As Mr. Gladstone put it in his address at the opening of
the Wedgwood Institute at Burslem, Staffordshire, "Wedgwood made the
raw material of his industry abundant and cheap, which supplied a vent
for the manufa