but Jugurtha was strengthened by an alliance with
his father-in-law Bocchus, king of Mauretania. However, Marius won several
hard fought battles over the forces of both kings, and finally, through
the agency of Sulla, detached Bocchus from the cause of Jugurtha. Bocchus
treacherously seized his son-in-law and handed him over to the Romans.
This brought the war to an end. Numidia was divided among princes friendly
to Rome, and Marius returned to triumph in Rome, and to find himself
elected consul for the year 104 in defiance of precedent, owing to the
fear of a barbarian invasion of Italy from the north and the popular
confidence in him engendered by his African successes. Jugurtha, after
gracing his victor's triumph, perished in a Roman dungeon.

*Consequences of the war.* The corruptibility and incapacity, combined
with an utter lack of public responsibility, displayed by the senators in
this war contributed to further weaken the already diminished prestige of
their order. Besides it had again been demonstrated that a coalition of
the equestrians and the city populace could control the public policy, and
in the person of Marius, the war had produced a leader upon whom they
could unite.

IV. THE INVASION OF THE CIMBRI AND TEUTONS

*The movements of the Cimbri and Teutons.* The fear of a barbarian
invasion of Italy which caused Marius to be elected to his second
consulship was occasioned by the wanderings of a group of Germanic and
Celtic peoples, chief of which were the Cimbri and the Teutons. In 113
B. C. the former, a Germanic tribe, invaded the country of the Taurisci,
allies of Rome, who dwelt north of the Alps. A Roman army sent to the
rescue was defeated. The Cimbri then moved westwards to the Rhine, where
they were joined by the Teutons (Toygeni), who were probably a branch of
the Celtic Helvetii, by the Tigurini, another division of the same people,
and by the Ambrones, a tribe of uncertain origin. In 111, the united
peoples crossed the Rhine into Gaul and came into conflict with the Romans
in the new province. Two years later the consul Julius Silanus was
defeated by the Cimbri, who demanded lands for settlement within Roman
territory. Their demand was refused and hostilities continued. In 107
another consul, Lucius Cassius, was defeated and slain by the Tigurini. In
106 Quintus Servilius Caepio recovered the town of Tolosa, which had
deserted the Roman cause, and carried off its immense