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olar constitution remained, however, for the time, intact. Difficulties, indeed, were thickening around it; but their discussion was perhaps felt to be premature, and they were permitted to accumulate without debate, until fortified by fresh testimony into unexpected and overwhelming preponderance. FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 131: Kosmos, Bd. iii., p. 409; Lalande, _Bibliographie Astronomique_, pp. 179, 202.] [Footnote 132: R. Wolf, _Die Sonne und ihre Flecken_, p. 9. Marius himself, however, seems to have held the Aristotelian terrestrial-exhalation theory of cometary origin. See his curious little tract, _Astronomische und Astrologische Beschreibung der Cometen_, Nuernberg, 1619.] [Footnote 133: _Phil. Trans._, vol. xxvii., p. 274. _Umbrae_ (now called _penumbrae_) are spaces of half-shadow which usually encircle spots. _Faculae_ ("little torches," so named by Scheiner) are bright streaks or patches closely associated with spots.] [Footnote 134: _Mem. Ac. Sc._, 1776 (pub. 1779), p. 507. D. Cassini, however, first put forward about 1671 the hypothesis alluded to in the text. See Delambre, _Hist. de l'Astr. Mod._, t. ii., p. 694; and _Kosmos_, Bd. iii., p. 410.] [Footnote 135: _Phil. Trans._, vol. lxiv., part i., pp. 7-11.] [Footnote 136: _Rosa Ursina_, lib. iv., p. 507.] [Footnote 137: R. Wolf, _Die Sonne und ihre Flecken_, p. 12.] [Footnote 138: Schellen, _Die Spectralanalyse_, Bd. ii., p. 56 (3rd ed.).] [Footnote 139: _Phil. Trans._, vol. lxiv., p. 20.] [Footnote 140: _Ibid._, vol. lxxxv., 1795, p. 63.] [Footnote 141: _Phil. Trans._, vol. xci., 1801, p. 303.] [Footnote 142: The supposed opaque or protective stratum beneath the photosphere was named by him "planetary," from the analogy of terrestrial clouds.] [Footnote 143: _Ibid._, p. 305.] [Footnote 144: _Novum Organum_, lib. ii. aph. 20.] [Footnote 145: Brewster's _Life of Newton_, vol. ii., p. 103.] [Footnote 146: _Beschaeftigungen d. Berl. Ges. Naturforschender Freunde_, Bd. ii., p. 233.] [Footnote 147: _Gentleman's Magazine_, 1787, vol. ii., p. 636.] [Footnote 148: _Results_, etc., p. 432.] [Footnote 149: _Ibid._, p. 434.] [Footnote 150: See _ante_, p. 31.] [Footnote 151: _Memoir of Francis Baily, Mem. R. A. S._, vol. xv., p. 524.] [Footnote 152: _Mem. R. A. S._, vol. x., pp. 5-6.] [Footnote 153: _Ibid._, pp. 14-17.] [Footnote 154: _Mem. R. A. S._, vol. xv., pp. 4-6.] [Footnote 155: _Ibid._, p. 16.] [Foo
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