th paved runways:
total: 509
over 3,047 m: 18
2,438 to 3,047 m: 15
1,524 to 2,437 m: 151
914 to 1,523 m: 248
under 914 m: 77 (2006)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 828
1,524 to 2,437 m: 66
914 to 1,523 m: 355
under 914 m: 407 (2006)

Heliports:
12 (2006)

Pipelines:
crude and refined oil 23,564 km; liquid petroleum gas 74,980 km
(2005)

Railways:
total: 48,467 km
standard gauge: 48,467 km 1.435-m gauge (2005)

Roadways:
total: 1,042,300 km
paved: 415,600 km (including 17,000 km of expressways)
unpaved: 626,700 km (2005)

Waterways:
631 km
note: Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint
Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with United States (2003)

Merchant marine:
total: 173 ships (1000 GRT or over) 2,129,243 GRT/2,716,340 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 62, cargo 10, chemical tanker 9, container 2,
passenger 6, passenger/cargo 63, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll
off 8
foreign-owned: 7 (Germany 3, Netherlands 1, Norway 1, US 2)
registered in other countries: 111 (Australia 1, Bahamas 18,
Barbados 8, Cambodia 6, Cyprus 2, Denmark 1, Honduras 1, Hong Kong
28, Liberia 2, Malta 18, Marshall Islands 6, Panama 4, Russia 1,
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6, US 4, Vanuatu 5) (2006)

Ports and terminals:
Fraser River Port, Halifax, Montreal, Port Cartier, Quebec, Saint
John's (Newfoundland), Sept Isles, Vancouver

Military Canada

Military branches:
Canadian Forces: Land Forces Command, Maritime Command, Air
Command, Canada Command (homeland security) (2006)

Military service age and obligation:
16 years of age for voluntary military service; women comprise
approximately 11% of Canada's armed forces (2001)

Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 8,216,510
females age 16-49: 8,034,939 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 6,740,490
females age 16-49: 6,580,868 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually:
males age 18-49: 223,821
females age 16-49: 212,900 (2005 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
$9,801.7 million (2003)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
1.1% (2003)

Transnational Issues Canada

Disputes - international:
managed maritime boundary disputes with the US at Dixon Entrance,
Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and around the disputed
Machias Seal Island and North Rock; working to