like.
In the same manner, sown, shewn, hewn, mown, loaden, laden, as well as
sow'd, show'd, hew'd, mow'd, loaded, laded, from the verbs to sow, to show,
to hew, to mow, to load, to lade.
Concerning these double participles it is difficult to give any rule; but
he shall seldom err who remembers, that when a verb has a participle
distinct from its preterit, as write, wrote, written, that distinct
participle is more proper and elegant, as The book is written, is better
than The book is wrote. Wrote however may be used in poetry; at least, if
we allow any authority to poets, who, in the exultation of genius, think
themselves perhaps entitled to trample on grammarians.
There are other anomalies in the preterit.
1. Win, spin, begin, swim, strike, stick, sing, sting, fling, ring, wring,
spring, swing, drink, sink, shrink, stink, come, run, find, bind, grind,
wind, both in the preterit imperfect and participle passive, give won,
spun, begun, swum, struck, stuck, sung, stung, flung, rung, wrung, sprung,
swung, drunk, sunk, shrunk, stunk, come, run, found, bound, ground, wound.
And most of them are also formed in the preterit by a, as began, sang,
rang, sprang, drank, came, ran, and some others; but most of these are now
obsolete. Some in the participle passive likewise take en, as stricken,
strucken, drunken, bounden.
2. Fight, teach, reach, seek, beseech, catch, buy, bring, think, work, make
fought, taught, raught, sought, besought, caught, bought, brought, thought,
wrought.
But a great many of these retain likewise the regular form, as teached,
reached, beseeched, catched, worked.
3. Take, shake, forsake, wake, awake, stand, break, speak, bear, shear,
swear, tear, wear, weave, cleave, strive, thrive, drive, shine, rise,
arise, smite, write, bide, abide, ride, choose, chuse, tread, get, beget,
forget, seethe, make in both preterit and participle took, shook, forsook,
woke, awoke, stood, broke, spoke, bore, shore, swore, tore, wore, wove,
clove, strove, throve, drove, shone, rose, arose, smote, wrote, bode,
abode, rode, chose, trode, got, begot, forgot, sod. But we say likewise,
thrive, rise, smit, writ, abid, rid. In the preterit some are likewise
formed by a, as brake, spake, bare, share, sware, tare, ware, clave, gat,
begat, forgat, and perhaps some others, but more rarely. In the participle
passive many of them are formed by en, as taken, shaken, forsaken, broken,
spoken, born, shorn, sworn, torn, worn, woven,
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