, debase;
humble, conquer, subdue, vanquish, subjugate, subject.

reduction, n. diminution, abatement, minimization, decrement,
debasement; subjugation, subjection, conquest, subdual, overthrow.

redundance, n. superabundance, superfluity, excess, plethora.

redundant, a. superabundant, superfluous, excessive, plethoric.

reecho, n. reverberation.--v. reverberate, resound, peal.

reek, n. fume, vapor, exhalation, effluvium, steam.

reeking, a. fumy, vaporous, steaming, smoky.

reel, v. stagger.

refer, v. allude.

referable, a. attributable, ascribable, traceable, assignable.

referee, n. umpire, judge, arbitrator, arbiter.

refine, v. purify, defecate, clarify, sublimate, subtilize, sublime,
devulgarize, decrassify.

refined, a. exquisite, polished, fine, well-bred, courtly, cultured;
purified, sublimated, subtle, subtilized.

refinement, n. culture, elegance, polish, fastidiousness;
purification, sublimation, subtility, clarification, tenuity. Antonyms:
vulgarity, coarseness, crudity, barbarity, Philistinism.

reflect, v. mirror; rebound, revert; meditate, ruminate, consider,
contemplate.

reflection, n. meditation, contemplation, rumination; stricture,
animadversion.

reforestization, n. reforesting, reafforestation, reboising.

reforestize, v. reafforest, reboise.

reform, v. reclaim, regenerate, convert, amend.

reformable, a. corrigible. Antonym: irreformable.

reformation, n. reform, reclamation, betterment, improvement.

refraction, n. deflection.

refractory, a. See unruly.

refrain, v. restrain, curb, check; forbear, abstain, desist.

refresh, v. revive, enliven, reanimate; renovate, renew, restore.

refreshing, a. reviving, reanimating, cooling, reinvigorating,
refective.

refreshment, n. collation, lunch, refection, regalement.

refuge, n. stronghold, asylum, retreat, covert; shelter, protection,
security, guard; expedient, device, shift, resort.

refugee, n. fugitive, runaway.

refund, v. repay, return, restore.

refusal, n. dissent, denial, non-acceptance, negation; option,
preemption.

refuse, v. deny, decline; reject, rebuff, repulse.

refuse, n. offal, dregs, offscum, garbage, fag-ends, recrement,
riffraff, lees, dross, draff, offscouring, rubbish, waste, culls.

refutable, a. confutable. Antonym: irrefutable.

refutation, n. confutation, disproof.

refute, v. confute, disprove.

regain, v. recover, retrieve.

regal, a. kingly, royal.

regale, v. feast,