lmany was working and recommending the methods of vital
suction and of the Boucherie hydraulic pressure system. After describing
the foreign methods of injection with sulphate of copper, he states in
his first pamphlet (1870): "This process resulted very satisfactorily,
but it was found that the sulphate of copper became very much diluted by
the sap, and when the same liquid was used several times, the decaying
substance of the sap, viz., the albumen, was reintroduced into the wood,
and left it nearly in its primitive condition."

He accordingly proposed a double injection, first by muriate of barytes,
and, secondly, by sulphate of copper, forced through by the Boucherie
process, and it is presumed that the ties of 1870, in experiment No. 2,
which showed favorable results when examined in 1875, were prepared by
that process.

Subsequently Mr. Thilmany changed his mode of application to the Bethell
process of injecting solutions under pressure in closed cylinders, and
probably the paving blocks for experiment No. 3 were prepared in that
way. The chemical examination of them by Mr. Tilden, however, showed the
"saturation very uneven; absorptive power, high; block contains soluble
salts of copper, removable by washing."

It was expected that the double solution, by forming an insoluble
compound, would prove an effective protection against the _teredo_.
Experiments Nos. 4, 5, 6, and 8, however, proved the contrary to be the
fact.

The process, when well done, gave moderately satisfactory results
against decay. A pavement laid in the yard of the Schlitz Brewing
Company, in Milwaukee (experiment No. 7), was sound in 1882, after some
six years' exposure. A report by Mr. J.F. Babcock, a chemist of Boston
(experiment No. 9), indicated favorable results, and the planks in a
ropewalk at Charlestown (experiment No. 15), laid in 1879, were yet
sound in 1882.

The experiments on railroad ties (Nos. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 16),
however, did not result satisfactorily. They seemed favorable at first,
and great things were expected of them; but late examinations made on
the Wabash Railroad, on the New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, and on the
Cleveland and Pittsburg Railroad, have shown the ties to be decaying,
and the results to be unfavorable.

This applies to the sulphate of copper and barium process. Mr. Thilmany
has patented still another combination, in which he uses sulphate of
zinc and chloride of barium, which has been not