6)

Unemployment rate: 2.6% officially registered; large number of
unregistered or underemployed workers (December 1997)

Budget:
revenues: $18 billion
expenditures: $21 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997
est.)

Industries: coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals,
machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food-processing
(especially sugar)

Industrial production growth rate: -1.8% (1997 est.)

Electricity-capacity: 52 million kW (1997)

Electricity-production: 177 billion kWh (1997)

Electricity-consumption per capita: 3,431 kWh (1997)

Agriculture-products: grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables;
meat, milk

Exports:
total value: $15.2 billion (1997 est.)
commodities: ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, machinery and
transport equipment, food products
partners: Russia, China, Belarus, Turkey, Germany (1997)

Imports:
total value: $20.2 billion (1997 est.)
commodities: energy, machinery and parts, transportation equipment,
chemicals, plastics and rubber
partners: Russia, Turkmenistan, Belarus, Germany, China

Debt-external: $9.6 billion (including $2.1 billion to Russia)
(yearend 1997 est.)

Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $220 million (1993)
note: commitments, 1992-95, $4.5 billion ($4.1 billion drawn)

Currency: on 2 September 1996, Ukraine introduced the long-awaited
hryvnia as its national currency, replacing the karbovanets (in
circulation since 12 November 1992) at a rate of 100,000 karbovantsi
to 1 hryvnia

Exchange rates: hryvnia per US$1-1.9359 (February 1998), 1.8617
(1997), 1.8295 (1996), 1.4731 (1995), 0.3275 (1994), 0.0453 (1993)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Communications

Telephones: NA

Telephone system: system is unsatisfactory both for business and for
personal use; 3.56 million applications for telephones had not been
satisfied as of January 1991; electronic mail services have been
established in Kiev, Odessa, and Luhans'k by Sprint
domestic: an NMT-450 analog cellular telephone network operates in
Kiev (Kyyiv) and allows direct dialing of international calls through
Kiev's digital exchange
international: calls to other CIS countries are carried by landline or
microwave radio relay; calls to 167 other countries are carried by
satellite or by the 150 leased lines through the Moscow international
gateway switch; satellite earth stations-NA Intelsat, 1 Inmarsat
(Atlantic and Indian Ocean Regions), and NA Intersputnik

Radio