d its blessings, all without effect.
Nothing now remains to tell of these efforts but a few miserable
ruins; nothing in any change of character or condition of the Indian.
And here, where fifty years ago, with me, he hunted the red deer and
wild turkey for the meat of his family and the clothing of himself and
offspring--to-day he would be a curiosity, and one never seen by half
the population which appropriates and cultivates the soil over which
he wandered in the chase. His beautiful woods are gone; the green corn
grows where the green trees grew, and the bruised and torn face of his
mother earth muddies to disgust, with her clay-freighted tears, the
limpid streams by which he sat down to rest, and from which he drank
to quench his thirst from weariness earned in his hunt for wild game,
which grew with him, and grew for him, as nature's provision. The deer
and the Indian are gone. The church-steeple points to heaven where the
wigwam stood, and the mart of commerce covers over all the space where
the camp-fires burned. The quarrels of Hopothlayohola and McIntosh are
history now, and the great tragedy of its conclusion in the death of
McIntosh is now scarcely remembered.

True to his hatred of the Georgians, Hopothlayohola, in the recent
war, away beyond the Mississippi, arrayed his warriors in hostility to
the Confederacy, and, when numbering nearly one hundred winters, led
them to battle in Arkansas, against the name of his hereditary foe,
and hereditary hate--McIntosh; and by that officer, commanding the
Confederate troops, was defeated, and his followers dispersed. Since
that time, nothing has been known of the fate of the old
warrior-chief.

It had been agreed between the United States and Georgia, and the
famous Yazoo Company, in order to settle the difficulties between the
two latter, that the United States should purchase, at a proper time,
from the Indian proprietors, all the lands east of the Chattahoochee
and a line running from the west bank of that stream, starting at a
place known as West Point, and terminating at what is known as Nickey
Jack, on the Tennessee River. The increase of population, and the
constant difficulties growing out of the too close neighborhood of the
Indians, induced the completion of this agreement. Commissioners on
the part of the Government were appointed to meet commissioners or
delegations from the Indians, to treat for the sale of their lands
within the limits of the State of