coarse prickly weed.

FIGWORT FAMILY. SCROPHULARIACEAE.

[Illustration: Fig. 165.]

=Butter and Eggs. Toad-Flax.= _Linaria vulgaris_ Hill. _Linaria Linaria_
(L.) Karst. Flowers yellow and orange; seeds dark brown or black, flat,
circular or oval, surrounded by a broad wing-margin, the wing notched
and covered by numerous fine radiating ridges, the surface of the seed
roughened by numerous projecting points, seed, including its wing, 1.5-2
mm. long. Introduced from Europe. A vigorous weed in meadows, spreading
by seeds and by root stocks.

[Illustration: Fig. 166.]

=Moth Mullein.= _Verbascum Blattaria_ L. Flowers yellow; pod 6 mm.
diameter; seeds light to dark brown, .5-1 mm. long, columnar, lateral
surface slightly angular and 6-sided, base truncate or obliquely so and
broader than the rounded apex, thus somewhat thimble-shaped, each
lateral face deeply pitted in longitudinal rows, the pits in contiguous
rows, alternating. Introduced from Europe. A vile weed in meadows and
pastures.

=Velvet-Leaved Mullein.= _Verbascum Thapsus_ L. Flowers yellow; pod 6
mm. high; seeds cannot be distinguished with certainty by means of the
ordinary lens from those of moth mullein. The pitted surface seems to
predominate in _Verbascum Blattaria_, while the grooved surface seems to
be more common in the seeds of V. Thapsus. Introduced from Europe.
Common in thin pastures.

[Illustration: Fig. 167.]

=Wall Speedwell.= _Veronica arvensis_ L. Pods heart-shaped; seeds dull,
light yellow, flattened, oval, .7-1.1 mm. long on one side appearing as
though the two ends had been brought together by bending. From Europe.

[Illustration: Fig. 168.]

=Common Speedwell.= _Veronica officinalis_ L. Pods heart-shaped; seeds
dull, pale yellow, flattened, broadly oval to broadly obovate, .8-1.2
mm. long, with a small scar near the middle of one side, from which
extends a faint line (raphe) to one extremity. Appearing as though
introduced.

[Illustration: Fig. 169.]

=Purslane Speedwell.= _Veronica peregrina_ L. Pods heart-shaped; seeds
dull, light reddish yellow, flattened, oval to broadly obovate .5-.8 mm.
long, with a small scar a little above the middle of one side, from
which extends a dark line (raphe) to one extremity. Most likely native
to this country.

[Illustration: Fig. 170.]

=Thyme-leaved Speedwell.= _Veronica serpyllifolia_ L. Pods broadly
heart-shaped; seeds pale yellow, a trifle darker than those of V.
officinalis, lig