e Naturforschung Newtons und Cuviers"
(1874-1877).

27 "Eine kritische Darstellung der modernen Entwicklungslehre," Jena,
1892.

28 Compare Darwin's derivation of fishes from Tunicata because of the
notochord which occurs in the tunicate larvae.

29 See Hertwig's "Biological Problem of To-day." London 1896.

30 The justice of this prophecy has been meanwhile illustrated by the
recent work of H. Friedmann, "Die Konvergenz der Organismen,"
Berlin, 1904.

31 If we wish to, we can even read the "biogenetic law" in Dante. See
"Purgatory," p. 26, where the embryo attains successively to the
plant, animal and human stages:

"Anima fatta la virtute attiva,
Qual d'una _pianta_....

Come fungo marino ...

Ma come _d'animal_ divenga _fante_."

This is, of course, nothing else than Aristotle's theory of
evolution, done into terzarima, and corrected by St. Thomas.

For the latest application of these views, even in relation to the
"biogenetic fundamental law," see the finely finished
"Morpho-genetic Studies" of T. Garbowski (Jena, 1903): "The greater
part of what is usually referred to the so-called fundamental
biogenetic law depends on illusion, since all things undeveloped or
imperfect must bear a greater or less resemblance one to another."

_ 32 I.e._, The occurrence of saltatory, transilient, or discontinuous
variations or mutations.

_ 33 I.e._, The emergence of a distinctively new pattern of
organisation.

34 See H. G. Bronn's Appendix to his translation of Darwin's "Origin of
Species." First German edition.

35 Finally and comprehensively in the two volumes we have already
mentioned, "Vortraege ueber die Deszendenztheorie," Jena, 1902 (Eng.
trans., London, 1904). "Natural selection depends essentially upon
the cumulative augmentation of the most minute useful variations in
the direction of their utility; only the useful is developed and
increased, and great effects are brought about slowly through the
summing up of many very minute steps.... But the philosophical
significance of natural selection lies in the fact that it shows us
how to explain the origin of useful, well-adapted structures purely
by mechanical factors, and without having to fall back upon a
directive principle."

36 If it