d Anglesey, a brecciated
conglomerate, presenting many of the characters of a glacial deposit
in places, has often been classed with the Old Red Sandstone, but in
parts, at least, it is more likely to belong to the base of the
Carboniferous system. In Ireland the lower division appears to be
represented by the Dingle beds and Glengariff grits, while the Kerry
rocks and the Kiltorcan beds of Cork are the equivalents of the upper
division. Rocks of Old Red type, both lower and upper, are found in
Spitzbergen and in Bear Island. In New Brunswick and Nova Scotia the
Old Red facies is extensively developed. The Gaspe sandstones have
been estimated at 7036 ft. thick. In parts of western Russia Old Red
Sandstone fossils are found in beds intercalated with others
containing marine fauna of the Devonian facies.

_Devonian and Old Red Sandstone Faunas._

The two types of sediment formed during this period--the _marine_
Devonian and the _lagoonal_ Old Red Sandstone--representing as they do
two different but essentially contemporaneous phases of physical
condition, are occupied by two strikingly dissimilar faunas. Doubtless
at all times there were regions of the earth that were marked off no
less clearly from the normal marine conditions of which we have
records; but this period is the earliest in which these variations of
environment are made obvious. In some respects the faunal break
between the older Silurian below and the younger Carboniferous above
is not strongly marked; and in certain areas a very close relationship
can be shown to exist between the older Devonian and the former, and
the younger Devonian and the latter. Nevertheless, taken as a whole,
the life of this period bears a distinct stamp of individuality.

The two most prominent features of the Devonian seas are presented by
corals and brachiopods. The corals were abundant individually and
varied in form; and they are so distinctive of the period that no
Devonian species has yet been found either in the Silurian or in the
Carboniferous. They built reefs, as in the present day, and
contributed to the formation of limestone masses in Devonshire, on the
continent of Europe and in North America. Rugose and tabulate forms
prevailed; among the former the cyathophyllids (_Cyathophyllum_) were
important, _Phillipsastraea_, _Zaphrentis_, _Acervularia_ and the
curious _Calceola_ (_sandalina