4.)]

[Footnote 3266: Law of Fructidor, year VI.]

[Footnote 3267: Decree of July 29, 1811 (on the exemption of pupils in
the Ecole Normale).--Decree of March 30, 1810, title II., articles 2,
4, 5, 6 (on the police and system of the Ecole Normale).--Decree on the
organization of the University, titles 6 and 13, March 7, 1808.]

[Footnote 3268: Law of Ventose 17, year VIII, title III., articles I and
13.--Law of Fructidor 8, year XIII, articles 50, 54, and 55.]

[Footnote 3269: Law of Fructidor 8, year XIII, article 51]

[Footnote 3270: Law of Ventose 17, year VIII, title 3, article I.]

[Footnote 3271: Thibaudeau, p. 108. (Speech of the First Consul before
the Council of State.) "Art, science and the professions must be thought
of. We are not Spartans.... As to substitution, it must be allowed. In a
nation where fortunes are equal each individual should serve personally;
but, with a people whose existence depends on the inequality of
fortunes, the rich must be allowed the right of substitution; only we
must take care that the substitutes be good, and that conscripts
pay some of the money serving to defray the expense of a part of the
equipment of the army of reserve."]

[Footnote 3272: Pelet de La Lozere, 228.]

[Footnote 3273: Archives nationales, F7, 3014. (Reports of prefects,
1806.) Average price of a substitute: Basses Alpes, from 2,000 to 2,500
francs; Bouches-du-Rhone, from 1,800 to 3,000; Dordogne, 2,400; Gard,
3,000; Gers, 4,000; Haute-Garonne, from 2,000 to 3,000; Herault, 4,000;
Vaucluse, 2,500; Landes, 4,000. Average rate of interest (Ardeche):
"Money, which was from 11/4 to 11/2 %, has declined; it is now at 3 1/4
% a month or 10 % per annum."--(Basses Alpes): "The rate of money has
varied in commerce from 1 to 3/4 % per month."--(Gard): "Interest is at
1 % a month in commerce; proprietors can readily borrow at 9 or 10 %
per annum."--(Herault): "The interest on money is 1 1/4 % per
month."--(Vaucluse): "Money is from 3/4 to 11/4 % per month."]

[Footnote 3274: Thiers, VII., p.23 and 467. In November 1806,
Napoleon orders the conscription of 1807; in March 1807, he orders the
conscription of 1808, and so on, always from worse to worse.--Decrees
of 1808 and 1813 against young men of family already bought off or
exempted.--"Journal d'un Bourgeois d'Evreux," 214. Desolate state
of things in 1813, "general depression and discouragement."--Miot de
Melito, III., 304. (Report of Miot to the Emperor after a