icly, various congregations of monks
and nuns, the former in black robes and the "sisters in wimples and
white caps, serve in the schools and asylums.

On the other hand, in these well-equipped and well-governed asylums
and hospitals, in the bureaux of charity, their resources are no longer
inferior to their needs, while Christian charity and philanthropic
generosity are constantly operating in all directions to fill the empty
drawers; legacies and private donations, after 1802, authorized by
the Council of State, multiply; we see them swelling the pages of the
"Bulletin des Lois."[31140] From 1800 to 1845, the hospitals and asylums
are thus to receive more than 72 millions, and the charity bureaux over
49 millions; from 1800 to 1878, all together will thus receive more
than 415 millions.[31141] The old patrimony of the poor is again
reconstituted piece by piece; and on January 1st, 1833, asylums and
hospitals, with their 51 millions of revenue, are able to support
154,000 elderly and the sickly.[31142]

Like public charity, public education again becomes effective; Fourcroy,
after 1806,[31143] lists 29 organized and full lycees; besides these,
370 communal secondary schools and 377 private secondary schools are
open and receive 50,200; there are 25,000 children in the 4500 schools.
Finally, in 1815,[31144] we find in France, restored to its ancient
boundaries, 12 faculties of Law or Medicine with 6,329 students, 36
lycees with 9000 pupils, 368 colleges with 28,000 pupils, 41 small
seminaries with 5233 pupils, 1255 boarding-schools and private
institutions with 39,623 pupils, and 22,348 primary schools with 737,369
scholars; as far as can be gathered, the proportion of men and women
able to read and to sign their name is raised under the empire up to and
beyond the figures[31145] it had reached previous to 1789.

In this manner are the worst damages repaired. The three new
administrative services, with a different set-up, do the job of the old
ones and, at the expiration of twenty-five years, give an almost equal
return.--In sum, the new proprietor of the great structure sacked by
the Revolution has again set up the indispensable apparatus for warming,
lighting and ventilation; as he knows his own interests perfectly,
and is poorly off in ready money, he contributes only a minimum of the
expense; in other respects, he has grouped together his tenants
into syndicates, into barracks, in apartments, and, voluntarily or