, 4% of GNP (1988 est.)
_%_
_@_Botswana
_*_Geography
_#_Total area: 600,370 km2; land area: 585,370 km2

_#_Comparative area: slightly smaller than Texas

_#_Land boundaries: 4,013 km total; Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa
1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km

_#_Coastline: none--landlocked

_#_Maritime claims: none--landlocked

_#_Disputes: short section of the boundary with Namibia is indefinite;
quadripoint with Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe is in disagreement

_#_Climate: semiarid; warm winters and hot summers

_#_Terrain: predominately flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari
Desert in southwest

_#_Natural resources: diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash,
potash, coal, iron ore, silver, natural gas

_#_Land use: arable land 2%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures
75%; forest and woodland 2%; other 21%; includes irrigated NEGL%

_#_Environment: rains in early 1988 broke six years of drought that
had severely affected the important cattle industry; overgrazing;
desertification

_#_Note: landlocked

_*_People
_#_Population: 1,258,392 (July 1991), growth rate 2.7% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 36 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 9 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 43 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 59 years male, 65 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 4.6 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun and adjective--Motswana (singular), Batswana
(plural)

_#_Ethnic divisions: Batswana 95%; Kalanga, Basarwa, and Kgalagadi
about 4%; white about 1%

_#_Religion: indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 50%

_#_Language: English (official), Setswana

_#_Literacy: 23% (male 32%, female 16%) age 15 and over can
read and write (1990 est.)

_#_Labor force: 400,000; 182,200 formal sector employees, most others
are engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture (1988 est.);
19,000 are employed in various mines in South Africa (1988)

_#_Organized labor: 19 trade unions

_*_Government
_#_Long-form name: Republic of Botswana

_#_Type: parliamentary republic

_#_Capital: Gaborone

_#_Administrative divisions: 10 districts; Central, Chobe, Ghanzi,
Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Ngamiland, North-East, South-East,
Southern; note--in addition, there may now be 4 town councils named
Francistown, Gaborone, Lobas