nal" one in his case. The utility of the last
overcoat that a man uses in the winter may be such that, if he could
have it on no other condition, he would readily give five hundred
dollars for it instead of fifty.

_How Unlike Services may be rendered by One Good at the Same
Time._--What people want of any useful thing is an effect in
themselves,--a pleasure or a benefit which they expect to get,--and
apart from this subjective result they would not want the thing at
all. The power to confer a particular benefit is a utility. Men buy
goods solely for their utilities, and they measure these
service-rendering powers in the things offered to them and pay for
them accordingly. Now, it happens that articles often combine in
themselves a considerable number of different utilities, or
service-rendering powers, and that in buying an article the man pays
for them all. It is as though four or five different servants, each
having his own specialty, were to offer themselves for hire and invite
an employer to consider what each one could do for him. In buying an
article which will serve him in several ways, a man appraises all the
unlike services that the article will render. He secures several
services at once, as he would do if he hired, in a body, several
actual servants. The same thing would happen if, instead of hiring
human servants with different aptitudes, one should buy different
commodities each of which is, in reality, an inanimate servant, able,
in its own way, to do something useful or agreeable for the purchaser.
We could bunch a lot of these goods and buy them collectively. Venders
of the goods could tie them together in bundles and offer them thus
for sale. If the different goods were also sold separately in the
market, they would command in the bundles the same prices that they
would command when sold each by itself, and a bundle would bring the
sum of the several prices of its component articles. _In just this way
in which an aggregate of different goods would get its valuation does
any one article which is made up of different utilities get its
rating. The utilities are appraised separately._ In buying an article
which is a composite of different utilities, we virtually employ a
company of servants who have different specialties and insist on being
hired all together or not at all.

_How the Normal Price of a Bundle of Unlike Goods would be Fixed._--We
have now to see how the action of the market analyzes an art