s between two of the principal shops.
On the right is seen the boiler, and on the left the engine--while the
black square below, just within the great boiler-shop, represents the
chimney. Other similar squares in different parts of the plan represent
chimneys also, in the different parts of the establishment. These
chimneys may be seen in perspective in the general view, at the head of
this article, and may be identified with their several representations
in the plan, by a careful comparison. The one belonging to the engine is
the central one in the picture as well as in the plan--that is, the one
from which the heaviest volume of smoke is issuing.

This central engine, since it carries all the machinery of the works, by
means of which every thing is formed and fashioned, is the life and soul
of the establishment--the _mother_, in fact, of all the monsters which
issue from it; and it is impossible to look upon her, as she toils on
industriously in her daily duty, and think of her Titanic progeny,
scattered now over every ocean on the globe, without a certain feeling
of respect and even of admiration.

A careful inspection of the plan will give the reader some ideas of the
nature of the functions performed in these establishments, and of the
general arrangements adopted in them. The magnitude and extent of them
is shown by this fact, that the number of men employed at the Novelty
Works is from one thousand to twelve hundred. These are all _men_, in
the full vigor of life. If now we add to this number a proper estimate
for the families of these men, and for the mechanics and artisans who
supply their daily wants, all of whom reside in the streets surrounding
the works, we shall find that the establishment represents, at a
moderate calculation, a population of _ten thousand souls_.

The proper regulation of the labors of so large a body of workmen as are
employed in such an establishment, requires, of course, much system in
the general arrangements, and very constant and careful supervision on
the part of those intrusted with the charge of the various divisions of
the work. The establishment forms, in fact, a regularly organized
community, having, like any state or kingdom, its gradations of rank,
its established usages, its written laws, its police, its finance, its
records, its rewards, and its penalties. The operation of the principles
of system, and of the requirements of law, leads, in such a community as
this, to m