. launched in 2006, and the Encyclopedia of Life,
launched in 2007.

= Culture, from print to digital

More and more computers connected to the internet were
available in schools and at home in the mid-1990s. Teachers
began exploring new ways of teaching. Going from print book
culture to digital culture was changing relationship to
knowledge, and the way both scholars and students were seeing
teaching and learning. Print book culture provided stable
information whereas digital culture provided "moving"
information. During a conference organized by the International
Federation of Information Processing (IFIP) in September 1996,
Dale Spender gave a lecture about "Creativity and the Computer
Education Industry", with insightful comments on forthcoming
trends.

Here are some excerpts:

"Throughout print culture, information has been contained in
books - and this has helped to shape our notion of information.
For the information in books stays the same - it endures. And
this has encouraged us to think of information as stable - as a
body of knowledge which can be acquired, taught, passed on,
memorised, and tested of course. The very nature of print
itself has fostered a sense of truth; truth too is something
which stays the same, which endures. And there is no doubt that
this stability, this orderliness, has been a major contributor
to the huge successes of the industrial age and the scientific
revolution. (...)

But the digital revolution changes all this. Suddenly it is not
the oldest information - the longest lasting information that
is the most reliable and useful. It is the very latest
information that we now put the most faith in - and which we
will pay the most for. (...) Education will be about
participating in the production of the latest information. This
is why education will have to be ongoing throughout life and
work. Every day there will be something new that we will all
have to learn. To keep up. To be in the know. To do our jobs.
To be members of the digital community. And far from teaching a
body of knowledge that will last for life, the new generation
of information professionals will be required to search out,
add to, critique, 'play with', and daily update information,
and to make available the constant changes that are occurring."

Russon Wooldridge, a professor in the Department of French
Studies at the University of Toronto, Canada, wrote in February
2001: "All my teaching makes the most