enoa to furnish him with ships, and so his plan was
to march over the mountains to that city and embark there, while
Richard should go south to Marseilles.

Richard drew up a curious set of rules and regulations for the
government of this fleet while it was making the passage. Some of the
rules were the following:

1. That if any man killed another, the murderer was to be
lashed to the dead body and buried alive with it, if the
murder was committed in port or on the land. If the crime
was committed at sea, then the two bodies, bound together as
before, were to be launched overboard.

2. If any man, with a knife or with any other weapon, struck
another so as to draw blood, then he was to be punished by
being ducked three times over head and ears by being let
down from the yard-arm of the ship into the sea.

3. For all sorts of profane and abusive language, the
punishment was a fine of an ounce of silver for each
offense.

4. Any man convicted of theft, or "pickerie" as it was
called, was to have his head shaved and hot pitch poured
over it, and upon that the feathers of some pillow or
cushion were to be shaken. The offender was then to be
turned ashore on the first land that the ship might reach,
and there be abandoned to his fate.

The penalty named in this last article is the first instance in which
any account of the punishment of tarring and feathering is mentioned,
and this is supposed to be the origin of that extraordinary and very
cruel mode of punishment.

The king put the fleet under the command of three grand officers of
his court, and he commanded all his seamen and marines to obey them
strictly in all things, as they would obey the king himself if he had
been on board.

The fleet met with a great variety of adventures on its way to
Marseilles. It had not proceeded far before a great tempest arose,
and scattered the ships in every direction. At last, a considerable
number of them succeeded in making their way, in a disabled condition,
into the Tagus, in order to seek succor in Lisbon. The King of
Portugal was at this time at war with the Moors, who had come over
from Africa and invaded his dominions. He proposed to the Crusaders on
board the ships to wait a little while, and assist him in fighting the
Moors. "They are as great infidels," said he, "as any that you will
find in the Holy Land." The commanders of