es used here are those given in No. 1, No.
9 and No. 11, and are easily represented.

[Illustration: Plate 8]

No. 16. The willow is another interesting tree for study and is drawn in a
similar manner to those previously mentioned. The stroke of the chalk for
foliage is a curving one rather than horizontal as in the evergreen or
vertical as in the poplar.

No. 17. A suggestion of distance will frequently be found a good
background for a tree, building or other similar foreground. The distance
is treated in exactly the same manner as the foliage in many of the trees,
the side of the chalk giving a gray, uneven surface. In drawing the water
represent the reflections with vertical strokes and the ripples with
horizontal ones.

[Illustration: Plate 9]

No. 18. Make the hillside with two or three gray strokes of No. 1, the
clouds with a similar curving stroke, and the trees with charcoal, using
the same treatment as in the chalk drawings.

[Illustration: Plate 10]

No. 19. Experiment with a few vegetables, or fruit, using the strokes
which the illustrations will readily suggest. For the grapes use a short
piece of chalk and a quick, curving stroke, the point being used only in
accenting.

No. 20. The basket is represented by using No. 10, Plate 3, for the
surface and the point for the details. Experiment a while with the
handle, begin at the lower end at the left, draw upward, to the right and
downward.

[Illustration: Plate 11]

The tumbler is represented by using a few gray vertical strokes of the
chalk. Accent with chalk for high lights and a bit of charcoal for darks.

In the other objects on Plate 8 let the surface of the vegetable dictate
the direction of the stroke, keeping the work as simple as possible. See
with how few touches an effect can be obtained. A variety of illustrations
may be attempted, all of which have been suggested by grade teachers as
useful in many lines of school work.

[Illustration: Plate 12]

[Illustration: Plate 13]

An outline drawing upon the blackboard expresses much, and is often better
than any attempt at light and shade or variety in tone, yet there are
frequent occasions when the representation of solidity or of surface is
better obtained in illustrative work by the use of the side of the chalk
and charcoal. In such cases leave the blackboard for the middle values and
use the charcoal and chalk as in previous sketches.

For instance, make a drawin