ged, and deviation of the eye or loss of
motion in one or other direction results. The globe itself may be
injured. Foreign bodies lodged in the orbit, so long as they are
aseptic, may give rise to little or no disturbance, and are liable to
be overlooked. The Roentgen rays are useful in determining the presence
and position of a foreign body.

Infective complications are liable to follow injuries by bullets or
fragments of shell, and they not only endanger the eyeball, but are
liable to be associated with suppurative conditions in the adjacent
air sinuses--frontal, maxillary, and ethmoidal--or in the cranial
cavity. In purifying wounds of the orbit, and in extracting foreign
bodies, great care is necessary to avoid injury of the eyeball or of
its muscles or nerves.

_Fracture of the margin_ of the orbit results from a direct blow, and
is followed by circum-orbital and sub-conjunctival ecchymosis, and
sometimes is associated with paralysis of the optic nerve, or of the
other ocular nerves. Implication of the frontal sinus may be followed
by emphysema of the orbit and lids, and if there is infection by
suppurative complications.

The _roof_ of the orbit is implicated in many fractures of the
anterior fossa of the skull produced by indirect violence. It is also
liable to be fractured by pointed instruments thrust through the
orbit, in which case intra-cranial complications are prone to ensue,
and these in a large proportion of cases prove fatal. When the medial
wall is fractured and the nasal fossa opened into, epistaxis and
emphysema of the orbit are constant symptoms. Sub-conjunctival
ecchymosis, and some degree of exophthalmos, are almost always
present. Treatment is directed towards the complications. When the
nasal fossae or the air sinuses are opened into, the patient should be
warned against blowing his nose, as this is liable to induce or
increase emphysema of the orbit or lids.

#Injuries of the Eyeball.#--These injuries may be divided into two
groups--(1) those in which the globe is contused without its outer
coat being ruptured, and (2) those in which the outer coat is
ruptured.

In cases belonging to the first group, while the sclerotic coat and
cornea remain intact, the iris may be partly torn from its ciliary
origin, and the blood effused collects in the lower portion of the
anterior chamber; or the pupillary margin of the iris may be ruptured
at several points, causing apparent dilatation of the pupi