o ensure drainage of the ethmoidal cells.

_Suppuration in the sphenoidal sinus_ (Fig. 267) is characterised in
many cases by the presence of eye symptoms. Pus in the olfactory
sulcus, on the upper surface of the middle turbinal posteriorly, and
on the vault of the naso-pharynx, is suggestive of sphenoidal
suppuration. The removal of the middle turbinated bone permits of
inspection of the ostium sphenoidale by anterior rhinoscopy, and pus
may be seen escaping from the orifice. A probe is then passed into the
ostium, and the anterior wall of the sinus is removed with a curette
or rongeur forceps.

The _posterior ethmoidal cells_ (Fig. 267) are frequently affected
along with the sphenoidal sinus. The nasal appearances just noted are
present, and if the sphenoidal sinus can be washed out and its ostium
temporarily plugged, and pus rapidly reappears, its origin from these
cells is probable. The operation for draining the sphenoidal sinus is
extended by removing the inner wall of the posterior ethmoidal cells.

#Anomalies of Smell and Taste.#--_Anosmia_ or loss of smell and
impairment or loss of the sense of recognising flavours may follow
fracture of the anterior fossa attended with injury of the olfactory
nerves, and is a common sequel of influenza. Any lesion that prevents
the passage of the odoriferous particles to the olfactory region of
the nose interferes with the sense of smell. In ozaena also the sense
of smell is lost. _Parosmia_, or the sensation of a bad odour, may be
of functional origin; it sometimes occurs after influenza. It may also
be associated with maxillary suppuration.

#Reflex Symptoms of Nasal Origin.#--It is only necessary here to draw
attention to the relation that exists between affections of the nose
and asthma. When present in asthmatic subjects, nasal polypi, erectile
swelling of the inferior turbinated bodies, spines of the septum in
contact with the inferior turbinal, or areas on the mucous membrane
which, when probed, produce coughing, call for treatment with the
object of modifying the asthma.

#Post-nasal Obstruction--Adenoid Vegetations.#--The most common cause
of post-nasal obstruction is hypertrophy of the normal lymphoid
tissue which constitutes the naso-pharyngeal or Luschka's tonsil.
_Adenoids_ form a soft, velvety mass, which projects from the vault of
the naso-pharynx and extends down its posterior and lateral walls, in
some cases filling up the fossae of Rosenmueller behind th