tizens, all the members of those tribes
became citizens of the United States by virtue of the provisions of the
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848.

[P] "Although the Committee have not regarded the questions proposed for
their consideration by this resolution as at all difficult to answer,
yet respect for the Senate, which ordered the investigation, and the
existence of some loose popular notions of modern date in regard to the
power of the President and Senate to exercise the treaty-making power in
dealing with the Indian tribes, have induced your Committee to examine
the questions thus at length, and present extracts from treaties, laws,
and judicial decisions; and your Committee indulge the hope that a
reference to these sources of information may tend to fix more clearly
in the minds of Congress and the people the true theory of our relations
to these unfortunate tribes."--_Report_, p. 11. It would, perhaps, have
been fortunate had the Committee found the questions difficult.

[Q] See Annual Report, Board of Indian Commissioners, 1872, p. 12.

Constant efforts are made to break the force of such comparisons as
these, by asserting that the progress of the Indian Territory in
industry and the arts of life is due to white men incorporated with the
Creeks, Cherokees, and Choctaws. If this be true, it would seem that
white men, when brought under Indian laws, and adopted into Indian
families, exhibit qualities superior to those which they develop when
controlling themselves, and organizing their own forms of industry and
of government. This suggests the inquiry, whether it might not be well
to turn over two or three Territories that might be named, to the
Indians, with liberty to pick out white men for adoption and for
instruction, in the hope that these communities might in time be brought
up to the condition of that of which the Indians have had sole control
for forty years.

AN ACCOUNT

OF THE NUMBERS, LOCATION, AND SOCIAL, AND
INDUSTRIAL CONDITION OF EACH IMPORTANT
TRIBE AND BAND OF INDIANS
WITHIN THE UNITED STATES.

[From the report of Francis A. Walker, U. S. Commissioner of Indian
Affairs, for the year 1872.]

The Indians within the limits of the United States, exclusive of those
in Alaska, number, approximately, 300,000.

(_a_) They may be divided, according to their geographical location or
range, into five grand divisions, as follows: in Minnesota, and States
east of the Mississippi River, abou