rchitecture preserved to us.

Wyatt contemplated several other "improvements" of a similar character,
one of which was the surmounting of the central tower by a spire, but
fortunately he was not allowed to carry them out.

During the present century many restorations have been made, of which we
will mention only the most notable:--The central tower was restored by
Sir Gilbert Scott in 1859.

During 1870 to 1876 extensive internal alterations were made. A new
choir screen and pulpit were erected, the floor of the choir laid in
marble mosaic, the choir stalls returned to their original positions,
and the walls of the church scraped in order to clear them from the many
coats of lime and distemper which lay on them.

[Illustration: The West End (from an Old Print).]

The Norman chapter-house has lately been restored and in great part
rebuilt as a memorial to the late Bishop Lightfoot.

[Illustration: The Exterior, From Palace Green.]

CHAPTER II

DESCRIPTION OF THE EXTERIOR

Approaching the Cathedral Church of Durham from the north by the large
open space between it and the Castle, known as the Palace Green, we
obtain a complete elevation of the whole structure. There is little room
to doubt, though the details naturally vary with the date of erection,
that the original plan of Carileph's church has been carried out in its
entirety, with two exceptions. These are the addition of the eastern
transept or nine altar chapel at the east, and the Galilee or Lady
Chapel at the west end. The entire length of the building, not including
the Galilee chapel, is 431 feet, which is made up as follows:--Nine
altar chapel 51 feet, the choir 120 feet, the transept 57 feet, and the
nave 203 feet.

The #Western Towers# are square and solid, and were evidently
included in Carileph's own scheme, as the wall arcades on both the
interior and exterior are carried round them. The Norman work is
continued as far as the nave roof, and it is extremely probable that
they were originally terminated at this height, in accordance with the
Norman custom, with low pyramidal spires, probably of wood. Exactly at
what date they were raised is not on record, but the style of
architecture of the upper portion suggests the early part of the
thirteenth century. The added portion, namely that above the
clerestory, consists of four stages, and is beautifully varied by
moulded arcading, with blind and open arches. The first and third stages
have