ing, flitting obscurely from point
to point, dwelling in cellars, even at one time concealing himself in a
drain. For a few weeks he fled to London. But in the spring of 1790
he was back in Paris, and at the crisis of the midsummer he published a
violent pamphlet, _C'en est fait de nous_, "it's all up with us," in
which he hysterically demanded the massacre {108} of all traitors and
conspirators as the only means of preserving Paris from the vengeance
of the King and the operations of his army.

The assembly denounced the pamphlet, and steps were taken for the
prosecution of its author. Marat had chosen the moment for his
denunciations badly, for within a few days of the publication of his
pamphlet the army had broken out in open mutiny against its generals.
Bouille, a staunch royalist and experienced soldier, was in command.
His men were being gradually demoralized by democratic propaganda. At
last, on the 31st of August, several regiments in garrison at Nancy
broke out in mutiny.

Bouille displayed great vigour in dealing with a difficult and
dangerous crisis. He forced his way into Nancy after severe fighting,
and dealt summarily with the offenders when once he had regained
control. One French regiment he disbanded. The Swiss regiment of
Chateauvieux he handed over to a court-martial of its officers, who
ordered a great number of their men to be shot, or to be sent to the
galleys.

These events caused great excitement. The assembly, now alarmed at the
result of its own work of disintegration, passed a formal vote {109} of
thanks to Bouille. The democratic party, however, took the opposite
side, strongly led by the Cordeliers, a popular sectional club. Noisy
demonstrations followed in favour of the defeated soldiers, and license
and indiscipline were extolled as the virtues of free men. This more
than anything else broke down the old royal army, and from this moment
the cavalry and infantry officers began to throw up their commissions
and emigrate. And, incidentally, another fragment of the old regime
disappeared in the same storm; Necker, still a royal minister,
unimportant and discredited, was mobbed on the 2d of September, and as
a result resigned and ingloriously left France for his native
Switzerland.

Until the winter of 1790 the Revolution had not shown signs of becoming
anti-monarchical, but at the turn of the year republicanism at last
raised its head. In the attitude of the French towards