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meter. The imports may be stated at about 600 tons annually, the average price being L50 per ton. Brazil wood is found in the greatest abundance and of the best quality, in the Province of Pernambuco, but being a government monopoly it has been cut down in so improvident a manner, that it is now seldom seen within several leagues of the coast. Among the Cuba dye woods is Copey _(Clusia rosea_, Linn). Braziletto, obtained from _C. Crista_, is one of the cheapest and least esteemed of the red dye woods, imported from Jamaica and other West India islands to the extent of 150 tons per annum, fetching L6 to L8 per ton. 2,361 tons of Nicaragua wood were imported in 1848, 2,701 tons in 1849, and 6,130 tons in 1850. Spain exhibited various vegetable dyes obtained from cultivated and wild plants furnished by the Agricultural Board of Saragossa. LICHENS. The chief lichens employed in the manufacture of orchil and cudbear are the following:-- Angola weed (_Ramalina furfuracea_). Mauritius weed (_Rocella fusiformis_), which comes also from Madagascar, Lima, and Valparaiso, and then bears the distinctive commercial name of the port of shipment. Cape weed (_Rocella tinctoria_), from the Cape de Verd Islands. Canary Moss (_Parmelia perlata_). Tartareous Moss (_Parmelia tartarea_). Pustulatus Moss (_Umbilicaria pustulata_). Velvet Moss (_Gyrophora murina_). The last three are imported from Sweden. Of these lichens, the first, which is the richest in coloring matter, grows as a parasite upon trees; all the remainder upon rocks. _Rocella corallina_, _Variolaris lactea_ and _dealbata_, have been also resorted to. About 130 tons of cudbear are imported annually from Sweden. These lichens are found on rocks, on the sea coast. The modes, of treating them for the manufacture of the different dyes is the same in principle, though varying slightly in detail. They are carefully cleaned and ground into a pulp with water, an ammoniacal liquor is from time to time added, and the mass constantly stirred in order to expose it as much as possible to the air. Peculiar substances existing in these plants are, during this process, so changed by the combined action of the atmosphere, water, and ammonia, as to generate the coloring matter, which, when perfect, is pressed out, and gypsum, chalk, or other substances, are then added, so as to give it the desired consistency; these are then prepared for the market
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