nt recognizes its
obligations and performs its duties.

Social balance therefore depended on class collaboration. Successful
collaboration, in its turn, is the outcome of a general acceptance of
class and caste and general willingness to go on living and functioning
in a class divided society.

A fifth collective goal of civilization has been expansion from the
nucleus outward, with final authority exercised by and from the nucleus.
At the outset of the survival struggle which led to the establishment of
one language, one religion, one law, one authority, one loyalty, each
among the many contestants had its own language, its own religion, its
own law, its own authority.

These rival forces were temporarily confederated against internal
disruption or foreign invasion. ("Liberty and union, now and forever,
one and inseparable.") In the course of the survival struggle, the
separate parts of which the civilization was composed began with the
local autonomy permitted by confederation, and ended up with one among
the many contestants donning the imperial purple and establishing itself
as the master and supreme dictator--the Caesar or Pharoah of the
conquered, unified world.

Foreign territories conquered and brought by force of arms within this
imperium were subjects of a central authority which they never really
accepted. Authority continued to be exercised from the imperial nucleus.
The newly conquered territories were policed by professional soldiers
whose primary loyalty was national but whose responsibility was to the
aggregate composing the Roman or the Egyptian civilization.

The acid test of the expanding civilization was embodied in the degree
of acceptance of wholeness as opposed to self-determination. Were the
individual members--the provinces and colonies composing the
whole--willing and able to sink their differences in an unquestioned
wholeness, or were they prepared at the first opportunity to exercise
their right to self-determination and declare their independence of the
whole?

The resolution of this question constituted the sixth collective goal of
civilization: to establish a whole in which the component members were
able and willing to recognize the axiom that the interests of the whole
come before the interests of any of its component parts.

The issue of central authority versus local self determination has been
one of the basic issues of the present century because during the
preceding period,