windpipe, &c. They consist of antimony, ipecacuanha, squills,
ammoniacum, and tolu.

762. Ammoniacum

Ammoniacum is an expectorant, antispasmodic, diuretic, and
deobstruent.

It is _used externally_ as a discutient, and is given _internally_,
with great benefit in asthma, hysteria, and chronic catarrh.

_Dose_, from ten to twenty grains.

763. Tolu

Tolu is an excellent expectorant, when there are no inflammatory
symptoms.

It is given _internally_ in asthma and chronic catarrh.

_Dose_, of the _balsam_, from five to thirty grains, combined with
mucilage and suspended in water; of the _tincture_, from a half to one
drachm; of the _syrup_, from a half to four drachms.

764. Sialogogues.

These are given to increase the flow of saliva or spittle. They
consist of ginger and calomel, pellitory of Spain, tobacco, the acids,
and some others.

765. Ginger

Ginger ia a sialogogue, carminative, and stimulant.

It is _used internally_ in flatulent colic, dyspepsia, and to prevent
the griping of medicines. When chewed, it acts as a sialogogue, and is
therefore useful in relaxed uvula.

_Dose_, from ten to twenty grains of the _powder_; of the _tincture_,
from ten minims to one drachm.

[TO-DAY, HIS BEAUTEOUS VISAGE WE EXTOL.]

766. Epispastics and Rubefacients.

These are remedies which are applied to blister and cause redness of
the surface. They consist of cantharides, ammonia, Burgundy pitch, and
mustard.

767. Cantharides, or Spanish flies

Cantharides, or Spanish flies, when used internally, are diuretic and
stimulant; and epispastic and rubefacient when applied externally.

_Mode of application._--A portion of the blistering plaster is spread
with the thumb upon brown paper, linen, or leather, to the size
required; its surface then _slightly_ moistened with olive oil and
sprinkled with camphor, and the plaster applied by a _light_ bandage:
or it is spread on adhesive plaster, and attached to the skin by the
adhesive margin of the plaster.

_Caution._--If a blister is to be applied to the head, shave it at
least ten hours before it is put on; it is better to place a thin
piece of gauze, wetted with vinegar, between the skin and the blister.
If a distressing feeling be experienced about the bladder, give warm
and copious draughts of linseed tea, milk, or decoction of quince