amous "Nikky-Willy" correspondence (see _Times_, September 4,
1917; _Daily Telegraph_, September 4, 27 and 29, 1917; and _Morning
Post_, September 15, 1917.)

[53] _Infra_, pp. 57-62.

[54] The statement in the Memorandum that Messrs. Rothschild had been
excluded by the Russian Government from these loan operations is
inaccurate. The exclusion had come from the other side, and at the very
time that the Memorandum was being prepared Count Witte had sent
representatives of the Finance Ministry to London to endeavour to
overcome Lord Rothschild's reluctance.

[55] This Protocol is published in vol. vi. of the _Secret Documents_
published by the Russian Revolutionary Government in February 1918.

[56] Secret letter from the Kaiser to the Tsar published in the Soviet
organ _Inviestia_, December 19, 1917.

[57] Actual Privy Councillor Nelidow's despatch of December 1-14, 1905.

[58] Communicated by Emil Deschamps in the _Journal de St. Petersbourg_,
of December 23, 1905.

[59] Despatch from the Imperial Ambassador at the Hague of October 24,
1905, No. 22.

[60] Despatch from the Imperial Ambassador at Rome of November 29, 1905,
No. 23.

[61] According to the rules of French Freemasonry, promotion to the
eighteenth degree makes the recipient automatically a member of the
"Alliance Israelite Universelle," while out of the nine members of the
Secret Supreme Council of Freemasonry five must be Jews.

[62] Levy: _Don Joseph Nasi_, _Herzog von Naxos und seine Familie_
(Breslau, 1859). See also Graetz: _Geschichte_, vol. ix. _passim_.

[63] The text of the Sultan's letter is preserved in the rare _Lettere
di Principi_ (Venice, 1581), iii. 171.

[64] Graetz: _Geschichte_, ix. 361, and 571-572.

[65] _Transactions, Jewish Historical Society_, iv. 478 _et seq._ The
plea has been revived during the present war, but with less success. It
was largely used by Russian Jews in order to escape conscription under
the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1916. (See Petition of Foreign Jews
Protection Society, _Herald_, July 22 and 29, 1916.) See also the case
of the prosecution of Henry Samuel, _Times_, September 19, 1918.

[66] _Infra_, p. 71.

[67] Brisac: _Ce que les Israelites de la Suisse doivent a la France_
(Lausanne, 1916), pp. 9-13. _Infra_, pp. 71-72.

[68] Brisac: _op. cit._, pp. 14-15, 16-17.

[69] Jewish disabilities still existed in England, Germany, Austria,
Russia, the Italian States, Spain and Portugal.

[70] May