equally bad.
The same report shows clearly that differences in clothing and
cleanliness are paralleled with differences in nutrition that are
equally striking.

"The 30 boys of the lowest class showed considerable failure
to reach the average weight for their age of the school; the
average shortage per boy for his age being as much as .7
kilogram. The effect upon weight was more striking than upon
height, as the average failure in height was one centimetre.
The 141 boys of the next class worked out at exactly the
average. The 49 well-clad boys showed an average excess per
age-weight of .54 kilogram and age-height of 1.8 centimetres."

And who can doubt the amount of mental and moral dwarfing that is
going on side by side with this physical shortage?

Now, it may be argued that this is not a fair sample of our general
population, that these facts have been culled from a special section
of the population, that here we are dealing with the congestion of
London slums and altogether exceptional conditions. This is not so.
The school examined was not from a specially bad district. And it
happens that the entire working-class population of one typical
English town, York, has been exhaustively studied by Mr. B. S.
Rowntree, and here are some facts from his result that quite confirm
the impression given by the London figures.

"It was quite impossible to make a thorough examination of the
physical condition of all the children, but as they came up to
be weighed and measured, they were classified under the four
headings, 'Very Good,' 'Good,' 'Fair,' or 'Bad,' by an
investigator whose training and previous experience in similar
work enabled her to make a reliable, even if rough,
classification....

"'Bad' implies that the child bore physical traces of
underfeeding and neglect.

"The numbers classified under the various heads were as
follows:--

BOYS.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Very Good, | Good, | Fair, | Bad,
| per cent. | per cent. | per cent. | per cent.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 1 (poorest) | 2.8 | 14.6 | 31. | 51.6
Section 2 (middle) | 7.4 | 20.1 | 53.7 | 18.8
Section 3 (highest) | 27.4 | 33.8