s in
pedagogics, commercial studies, modern languages, painting, etc.
This instruction, for the most part gratis, is given by
professors who devote their time and strength to this noble
object without receiving any remuneration,--worthy continuators
of the grand work of the founder of the Madrid high-school for
women, Fernando de Castro, of blessed memory, one of the most
philanthropic men I ever met, who so loved mankind that his name
should be known in every land. Nine hundred and eighteen girls
attended the session of 1880-1881 of the school of music and
declamation at Madrid, and the number has since increased.

A few years ago a school of arts and trades was founded at the
capital, and women were admitted to the classes in drawing. In
1881, one hundred and thirty availed themselves of this
privilege. In 1882, one hundred and fifty-four female students
were present at the institutions (_institutos_) for intermediate
education in Spain. The coeducation of the sexes, therefore, is
not unknown to us. In that year Valencia, Barcelona, Gerona and
Seville each counted sixteen, while the single girl at Mahon
discontinued her studies on the ground that she preferred not to
mingle with boys. At Malaga, the only female aspirant for the
bachelor's degree took seven prizes, and was "excellent" in all
her studies. During the academic year, 1881-1882, twelve women
attended lectures in the Spanish universities. The three at
Madrid were all working for the doctorate, and one had passed the
necessary examinations; the two at Valladolid were occupied with
medicine, while at Barcelona five were studying medicine, one
law, and one pharmacy. Three of the medical students have passed
their examinations, but instead of the degrees, which are refused
them, they are granted certificates which do not allow them to
practice.

Our public opinion is progressing, as is evidenced by the laws,
and especially by the educational reforms, which are the
exclusive work of men. The council of public instruction, a
consulting body holding by no means advanced ideas, was called
upon a short time ago, to decide whether the university
certificates conferred upon women could be converted into regular
degrees, which would entitle the recipients to the enjoyment of
the p