an are discovered in the first or lowest underworld, living
in a hut which was the prototype of the hogan. There were curious beings
located at the cardinal points in that first world, and these also lived
in huts of the same style, but constructed of different materials. In
the east was Tieholtsodi, who afterward appears as a water monster, but
who then lived in the House of Clouds, and Icni' (Thunder) guarded his
doorway. In the south was Teal' (Frog) in a house of blue fog, and
Tiel'i[ng], who is afterward a water monster, lay at that doorway.
Acihi Estsan (Salt-woman) was in the west, and her house was of the
substance of a mirage; the youth Co'nen[)i]li (Water-sprinkler) danced
before her door. In the north Cqaltlaqale[1] made a house of green
duckweed, and S[)i]stel' (Tortoise) lay at that door.

[Footnote 1: Recorded by Dr Matthews as the Blue Heron.]

Some versions of the myth hold that First-man's hut was made of wood
just like the modern hogan, but it was covered with gorgeous rainbows
and bright sunbeams instead of bark and earth. At that time the
firmament had not been made, but these first beings possessed the
elements for its production. Rainbows and sunbeams consisted of layers
or films of material, textile or at least pliable in nature, and were
carried about like a bundle of blankets. Two sheets of each of these
materials were laid across the hut alternately, first the rainbows from
north to south, then the sunbeams from east to west. According to this
account the other four houses at the cardinal points were similarly
made of wood, the different substances mentioned being used merely for
covering. Other traditions hold that the houses were made entirely of
the substances mentioned and that no wood was used in their construction
because at that time no wood or other vegetal material had been
produced.

After mankind had ascended through the three underworlds by means of the
magic reed to the present or fourth world, Qastceyalci, the God of Dawn,
the benevolent nature god of the south and east, imparted to each group
of mankind an appropriate architecture--to the tribes of the plains,
skin lodges; to the Pueblos, stone houses; and to the Navaho, huts of
wood and earth and summer shelters. Curiously enough, nowhere in Navaho
tradition is any mention or suggestion made of the use by them of skin
lodges.

In building the Navaho hogan Qastceyalci was assisted by Qastceqo[.g]an,
the God of Sunset, the