ce in communion with
the 'Christ who is the same yesterday, to-day, and for ever. Those who
regard Jesus only as a prophet sent by God to reveal the Father,
generally pray only to the God whom He revealed, and cherish the memory
of Jesus with no other feelings than supreme gratitude and veneration.
Those, lastly, who worship in God only the Great Unknown who makes for
righteousness, find myths and anthropomorphic symbols merely disturbing
in such devotions as they are still able to practise. In dealing with
convinced Voluntarists it is perhaps not disrespectful to suggest that
the difficult position in which they find themselves has produced a
peculiar activity of the will, such as is seldom found under normal
conditions.

We pass to the position of the Modernists in the Roman Catholic Church.
It is well known that the advisers of Pius X have committed the Papacy
to a wholesale condemnation of the new movement. The reasons for this
condemnation are thus summed up by a distinguished ecclesiastic of that
Church[81]:

'Why has the Pope condemned the Modernists? (1) Because the
Modernists have denied that the divine facts related in the
Gospel are historically true. (2) Because they have denied
that Christ for most of His life knew that He was God, and
that He ever knew that He was the Saviour of the world. (3)
Because they have denied the divine sanction and the
perpetuity of the great dogmas which enter into the
Christian creed. (4) Because they have denied that Christ
Himself personally ever founded the Church or instituted the
Sacraments. (5) Because they deny and subvert the divine
constitution of the Church, by teaching that the Pope and
the bishops derive their powers, not directly from Christ
and His Apostles, but from the Christian people.'

The official condemnation is contained in two documents--the decree of
the Holy Inquisition, 'Lamentabili sane exitu,' July 3, 1907, and the
Encyclical, 'Pascendi dominici gregis,' September 8, 1907. These
pronouncements are intended for Catholics; and their tone is that of
authoritative denunciation rather than of argument. In the main, the
summary which they give of Modernist doctrines is as fair as could be
expected from a judge who is passing sentence; but the papal theologians
have not always resisted the temptation to arouse prejudice by
misrepresenting the views which they condemn. We have not space t