nd II of this series.

[35] Carlos V disapproved of Villalobos entering the Malucos, and
on this account was on the point of depriving the viceroy of Nueva
Espana, Don Antonio de Mendoza, of his office, as the latter had given
instructions as to the manner of performing the expedition.--_Pablo
Pastells, S.J._

[36] Cosmo de Torres was born in 1510 at Valencia; he departed for
India in 1538, and was admitted to the Jesuit order by St. Francis
Xavier, on March 20, 1548. He was afterward sent to Japan, where he
began the work of christianizing that people. He died on October 10,
1570, after a long and arduous missionary career. (Sommervogel's
_Bibliotheque_, viii, p. 112.)

St. Francis Xavier's ministry in the Indias and Japan began in 1542,
and lasted ten years; he died on December 2, 1552.

[37] The name "Philipinas" was given to the islands by Villalobos, and
confirmed by Felipe II in a decree dated at Valladolid, and directed
to the viceroy of Nueva Espana, Don Luis de Velasco, September 24,
1559.--_Pablo Pastells, S.J._

[38] The others were Andres de Urdaneta, Andres de Aguirre, Diego de
Herrara, Pedro de Gamboa. The sixth died at the port of Navidad. Father
Rada also died at sea, while returning to Manila from an expedition
to Borneo. Felipe II ordered his manuscripts to be collected and
preserved in the archives.--_Pablo Pastells, S.J._

[39] See description of this incident, and illustration presenting
a view of the image (which is still in existence), in _Vol_. II of
this series, pp. 120, 217.

[40] See Loraca's account of the beliefs of the Moros, _Vol_. V,
pp. 171-175.

[41] An account of the festivities held in Manila in 1623 on the
occasion of the accession of Philip IV to the Spanish crown, includes
the mention of bull-fights. The festivities were attended by the entire
town, civil and political. This account, which contains valuable
social observations, is an extract from a manuscript owned by the
Compania general Tabacos de Filipinas, Barcelona, and was published
privately (1903) in an edition of 25 copies by Senor Don Jose Sanchez
Garrigos. It will be presented in this series, if space will permit.

[42] These winds are known as _baguios_ or _tifones_ (English
"typhoons"). See full account of them, with diagrams, tables,
etc. (prepared largely from data and reports furnished by the Jesuit
fathers in the Manila observatory), in U.S. Philippine Commission's
_Report_, 1901, iv, pp. 290-344.

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