Of these flies, which are called by many Spindles, there are various
species. They all have two very large eyes, covering the whole surface
of the head. They fly very swiftly, and prey upon the wing, clearing the
air of innumerable little flies. The great ones live about water, but
the smaller are common among hedges, and about gardens.

BUTTERFLY.

[Illustration]

Of butterflies there are many kinds. How wonderful the various changes
of this class of insects! The butterflies lay their eggs: from these
hatch out worms or caterpillars, which change their skins several times,
and, finally, become aureliae, chrysales, or silkworms, out of which
come the beautiful butterflies.

SPIDER.

[Illustration]

There are many kinds of spiders; some of which are said to grow to such
a size that they will catch small birds: some are poisonous, but the
greater part are harmless, although to most people their looks are
disgusting. The web of a spider, which is a net for catching its prey,
is an astonishing piece of curiosity.

SILK WORM

[Transcriber's Note: The heading 'SILK WORM' was added in order to
improve clarity.]

[Illustration]

The silk worm is a very valuable insect: it is produced from an egg of a
yellowish colour, about the size of a small pin's head, that is laid by
a moth, or butterfly. The above cut represents a male and female, and
her eggs, of which she lays several hundreds: the moths live but a few
days; they never eat, and die directly after the eggs are laid.

[Illustration]

This cut shews the appearance of the worm, which at first is very small
and black. Its food is the leaves of the white mulberry: as it grows in
size, at four different periods, it apparently sickens, and changes its
skin, and finally, when full grown, it spins a ball of silk, called a
cone, or cocoon, the thread of which is about three hundred yards long:
in the centre of this ball the worm entombs itself, and experiences a
change to a state called an aurelia, or chrysallis, as seen below the
ball: from this aurelia, the moth that lays the eggs is hatched, and
thus goes on the round of this animal's changes, or transmigrations.

They are natives of China, and were brought into Italy, above twelve
hundred years ago; from thence into Spain; afterwards into France; much
later into Germany and the northern countries; and some have been reared
in the United States of America.

SAMUEL WOOD

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