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ngue, remained, in a modified form, as Koptic, but at about the beginning of our era the classical Egyptian had become a dead language. No one any longer wrote in the hieroglyphic, hieratic, or demotic scripts; in a word, the hieroglyphic writing was forgotten. The reader of Professor Maspero's pages has had opportunity to learn how this secret was discovered in the nineteenth century. This information is further amplified in the present volumes, and we see how in our own time the native Egyptian has regained something of his former grandeur through the careful and scientific study of monuments, inscriptions, and works of art. Thus it will appear in the curious rounding out of the enigmatic story that the most ancient history of civilisation becomes also the newest and most modern human history. PUBLISHER'S NOTE It should be explained that Doctor Rappoport, in preparing these volumes, has drawn very largely upon the authorities who have previously laboured in the same field, and in particular upon the works of Creasy, Duruy, Ebers, Lavisse, Marcel, Michaud, Neibuhr, Paton, Ram-baud, Sharp, and Weil. The results of investigations by Professor W. M. Flinders Petrie and other prominent Egyptologists have been fully set forth and profusely illustrated. [Illustration: 001.jpg PAGE IMAGE] [Illustration: 002.jpg PAGE IMAGE] _EGYPT UNDER THE PTOLEMIES_ _ALEXANDER THE GREAT AND THE CONQUEST OF EGYPT--THE REIGNS OP THE PTOLEMIES--GRADUAL GROWTH OF ROMAN INFLUENCE--INTRIGUES OF CLEOPATRA WITH POMPEY, CAESAR, AND ANTONY_ _Alexander the Great in Egypt--Alexandria founded--The Greeks favour the Jews--Ptolemy Soter establishes himself in Egypt and overcomes Perdiccas--Struggles for Syria--Beginning of Egyptian coinage--Art and Scholarship--Ptolemy resigns in favour of his son Philadelphus --First treaty with Rome--Building of the Pharos--Growth of Commerce--Encouragement of Learning--The library of Alexandria--Euclid the geometer--Poets, astronomers, historians, and critics--The Septuagint--Marriage of Philadelphus to his sister Arsinoe--Ptolemy Euergetes plunders Asia--Egyptian temples enlarged--Religious tolerance--Annual tribute of the Jews--Eratosthenes the astronomer--Philosophy and Science--Culmination of Ptolemaic rule--The dynasty declines under Philopator--Syrians invade Egypt; Philopator retaliates; visits Jerusalem--The Jews persecuted--The king's follies--Riots at Alexandria--Inglorious end o
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