ost was 478,000,000. (1857).]

[Footnote 162: London Gazette, May 5, and 17, 1680.]

[Footnote 163: There is a very curious, and, I should think, unique
collection of these papers in the British Museum.]

[Footnote 164: For example, there is not a word in the Gazette about
the important parliamentary proceedings of November, 1685, or about the
trial and acquittal of the Seven Bishops.]

[Footnote 165: Roger North's Life of Dr. John North. On the subject of
newsletters, see the Examen, 133.]

[Footnote 166: I take this opportunity of expressing my warm gratitude
to the family of my dear and honoured friend sir James Mackintosh
for confiding to me the materials collected by him at a time when he
meditated a work similar to that which I have undertaken. I have never
seen, and I do not believe that there anywhere exists, within the same
compass, so noble a collection of extracts from public and private
archives The judgment with which sir James in great masses of the
rudest ore of history, selected what was valuable, and rejected what was
worthless, can be fully appreciated only by one who has toiled after him
in the same mine.]

[Footnote 167: Life of Thomas Gent. A complete list of all printing
houses in 1724 will be found in Nichols's Literary Anecdotae of the
eighteenth century. There had then been a great increase within a few
years in the number of presses, and yet there were thirty-four counties
in which there was no printer, one of those counties being Lancashire.]

[Footnote 168: Observator, Jan. 29, and 31, 1685; Calamy's Life of
Baxter; Nonconformist Memorial.]

[Footnote 169: Cotton seems, from his Angler, to have found room for his
whole library in his hall window; and Cotton was a man of letters. Even
when Franklin first visited London in 1724, circulating libraries were
unknown there. The crowd at the booksellers' shops in Little Britain is
mentioned by Roger North in his life of his brother John.]

[Footnote 170: One instance will suffice. Queen Mary, the daughter of
James, had excellent natural abilities, had been educated by a Bishop,
was fond of history and poetry and was regarded by very eminent men as a
superior woman. There is, in the library at the Hague, a superb English
Bible which was delivered to her when she was crowned in Westminster
Abbey. In the titlepage are these words in her own hand, "This book was
given the King and I, at our crownation. Marie R."]

[Footnote 171: Roger North t