allery, is loaded with chains, brooches, and pendants, enough
to stock the show-case of a modern manufacturer. This love of elaborate
jewellery was a positive mania with many nobles in the olden time.
James I. was childishly fond of such trinkets, and most portraits
represent the king with hat-bands of jewels, or sprays of jewellery at
their sides. His letters to his favourite, Buckingham, are often full of
details of the jewels in which his majesty delighted.

[Illustration: Fig. 27.]

[Illustration: Fig. 28.]

[Illustration: Fig. 29.]

Perhaps no article of personal ornament has exhibited a greater variety
of design and decorative enrichment than the cross. It has at once been
made an embellishment and a badge of faith. We select in Fig. 29 one of
singular elaboration and beauty, now the property of Lady Londesborough.
It is a work of the early part of the sixteenth century; the ground is
of frosted gold, upon which is a foliated ornament in _cloissonne_
enamel of various colours. It is also enriched with pearl and crystal;
the lower part of this cross is furnished with a loop, from which a
jewel of value might be suspended.

[Illustration: Figs. 30 and 31.]

By way of curious contrast, as well as to show the style of various ages
in the article of necklaces, we give, in Figs. 30 and 31, two examples
of widely different eras. The upper one is that of a Roman lady, whose
entire collection of jewellery was accidentally discovered at Lyons, in
1841, by some workmen who were excavating the southern side of the
heights of Fourvieres, on the opposite side of the Seine. From an
inscribed ring and some coins deposited in the jewel-box, the lady
appears to have lived in the time of the Emperor Severus, and to have
been the wife of one of the wealthy traders, who then, as now, were
enriched by the traffic of the Rhone. The necklace we engrave is of
gold, set with pearls and emeralds; the cubical beads are cut in lapis
lazuli, as are the pendants which hang from others. This love of pendent
ornament was common to all antique necklaces, from the days of ancient
Greece to the end of the sixteenth century. Our second specimen is an
illustration of this: it is copied from the portrait of a lady (bearing
date 1593), and composed of a series of enamelled _plaques_, with jewels
inserted, connected with each other by an ornamental chain.

[Illustration: Figs. 32 and 33.]

We have already alluded to the constant demand on the in