. cit._, pp. 119, 120.

[98:1] Compare the description of Georgia frontier traders, cattle
raisers, and land speculators, about 1773, in Bartram, "Travels," pp.
18, 36, 308.

[99:1] See Willis, "Northern Appalachians," in "Physiography of the U.
S." in National Geog. Soc. "Monographs" (N. Y., 1895), no. 6.

[100:1] Diffenderfer, "German Immigration into Pennsylvania," in Pa.
German Soc. "Proc.," v, p. 10; "Redemptioners" (Lancaster, Pa., 1900).

[100:2] A. B. Faust, "German Element in the United States."

[100:3] See the bibliographies in Kuhns, "German and Swiss Settlements
of Pennsylvania" (N. Y., 1901); Wayland, "German Element of the
Shenandoah Valley" (N. Y., 1908); Channing, "United States," ii, p. 421;
Griffin, "List of Works Relating to the Germans in the U. S." (Library
of Congress, Wash., 1904).

[100:4] See in illustration, the letter in Myers, "Irish Quakers"
(Swarthmore, Pa., 1902), p. 70.

[101:1] Shepherd, "Proprietary Government in Pennsylvania" (N. Y.,
1896), p. 34.

[101:2] Gordon, "Pennsylvania" (Phila., 1829), p. 225.

[101:3] Shepherd, _loc. cit._, pp. 49-51.

[101:4] Ballagh, Amer. Hist. Assoc. "Report," 1897, pp. 112, 113.
Compare Smith, "St. Clair Papers" (Cincinnati, 1882), ii, p. 101.

[101:5] Shepherd, _loc. cit._, p. 50.

[101:6] Mereness, "Maryland" (N. Y., 1901), p. 77.

[102:1] "Calendar Va. State Papers" (Richmond, 1875), i, p. 217; on
these grants see Kemper, "Early Westward Movement in Virginia" in _Va.
Mag._, xii and xiii; Wayland, "German Element of the Shenandoah Valley,"
_William and Mary College Quarterly_, iii. The speculators, both
planters and new-comers, soon made application for lands beyond the
Alleghanies.

[102:2] In 1794 the Virginia House of Delegates resolved to publish the
most important laws of the state in German.

[102:3] See Bernheim, "German Settlements in the Carolinas" (Phila.,
1872); Clewell, "Wachovia"; Allen, "German Palatines in N. C." (Raleigh,
1905).

[102:4] See Wayland, _loc. cit._, bibliography, for references; and
especially _Va. Mag._, xi, pp. 113, 225, 370; xii, pp. 55, 134, 271;
"German American Annals," N. S. iii, pp. 342, 369; iv, p. 16; Clewell,
"Wachovia; N. C. Colon. Records," v, pp. 1-14.

[103:1] On the Scotch-Irish, see the bibliography in Green,
"Scotch-Irish in America," Amer. Antiquarian Soc. "Proceedings," April,
1895; Hanna, "Scotch-Irish" (N. Y., 1902), is a comprehensive
presentation of the subject; see also Myers